中德簽訂價值20億歐元合作及投資協議
BERLIN — Chancellor Angela Merkel welcomed Prime Minister Li Keqiang of China here with full military honors on Friday before the two leaders and their ministers announced more than 2 billion euro, or $2.5 billion, worth of cooperation and investment deals involving Volkswagen, Daimler and some of Germany’s other leading companies.
柏林——週五，德國總理安格拉·默克爾(Angela Merkel)在柏林以全軍禮歡迎李克強，隨後兩位領導人及雙方的部長們宣佈了價值20億歐元（約合155億元人民幣）的合作及投資協議，其中涉及大衆(Volkswagen)、戴姆勒(Daimler)和德國的其他一些主要公司。
The deals sprang from the third bilateral encounter between leaders of Germany and China since the countries forged a government-level exchange program in 2011.
雙方在會晤期間簽訂了上述協議，這是兩國自2011年開展政府級別交流計劃以來，中德領導人第三次舉行雙邊會談。Another big beneficiary was the European aircraft maker Airbus, in which the German government holds a stake, which signed a deal to sell 70 A320 single-aisle jets to China’s state purchasing agency.
另一個巨大的受益者是歐洲飛機制造商空客公司(Airbus)，該公司簽署協議，向中國政府採購機構出售70架單通道飛機A320。德國政府持有該公司股票。
In all, the German and Chinese leaders signed a 52-page document detailing areas of cooperation that included pushing for the rapid conclusion to talks between the European Union and China on an investment pact, and a raft of projects aimed at fostering innovation in the health, education, climate, energy and technology sectors.
中德領導人簽署的協議總計長達52頁，詳細列舉了各個合作領域，包括加快歐盟與中國之間的投資協定談判進程，以及大量旨在促進衛生、教育、氣候、能源及技術領域創新的項目。Ms. Merkel praised the day’s meetings and deals as an “indication of marked cooperation” between the two countries. The arrangements over the last three years have contributed to steady growth in bilateral trade, with 6.1 percent of German exports heading to China in 2013, compared with 1.6 percent in 2000. Trade between the two countries amounted to 140 billion in 2013.
默克爾稱讚當天的會晤及達成的協議是兩國“加強合作關係的象徵”。過去三年的協商工作促使雙邊貿易穩步增長，2013年，德國向中國出口的產品佔總出口量的6.1%，而2000年這個比例只有1.6%。2013年，兩國貿易總額達到1400億歐元。Recent figures, however, point to a cooling of the German economy. According to official data released on Thursday, German exports overall slumped 5.8 percent in August compared with July, the sharpest drop since 2009; they were driven down by unease linked to the conflict in Ukraine and tensions with Russia, as well as decreasing demand for German goods.
但最近的數據顯示德國經濟發展趨冷。週四公佈的官方數據顯示，德國8月份的出口總額比7月份下降了5.8%，這是自2009年以來的最大降幅；烏克蘭衝突，與俄羅斯的緊張關係所引發的不安，以及對德國產品的需求下降，是導致出口額下降的原因。In fact, European stocks fell on Friday, with Germany’s leading share index, the DAX, down 2.4 percent amid fears of an economic slowdown in Europe and Asia. The Euro Stoxx 50 index, which tracks eurozone blue-chip shares, fell about 1.7 percent.
實際上，伴隨着歐洲及亞洲經濟發展放緩引發的恐慌，歐洲股市在週五出現下跌，德國的主要股票指數DAX下跌2.4%。道瓊斯歐洲STOXX50指數下跌1.7%，該指數反映歐元區藍籌股的情況。Mr. Li forecast that his country would see growth of about 7.5 percent this year, despite the turbulence, adding that the Chinese economy had “a lot of room for maneuver.”
儘管存在波動，李克強預計中國今年的經濟增長將達到7.5%，他還表示，中國經濟“有巨大的迴旋餘地”。Germany has enjoyed a special relationship to China, given its relatively uncomplicated history with the Asian country. Yet some analysts question how long the honeymoon phase between Berlin and Beijing can last. Points of contention in the business sector have begun to emerge as the Chinese authorities have accused major foreign firms of unfair practices.
鑑於德國與亞洲國家之間沒有太過複雜的歷史牽絆，德國與中國一直保持着一種特殊的關係。但一些分析人士質疑，柏林與北京的蜜月期能夠維持多長時間。隨着中國當局指責一些大型外國公司存在不正當做法，商業領域的分歧已經開始顯現。Last month China fined the German carmaker Audi, owned by Volkswagen, $40.5 million for violating antitrust laws. It was only one in a series of tough measures by China against what it considers monopolistic practices by multinational companies.
上個月，中國以違反反壟斷法爲由，對德國汽車製造商大衆旗下的奧迪(Audi)開出了4050萬美元（約合2.48億元人民幣）的罰單。中國採取一系列強硬舉措打擊他們所稱的跨國公司壟斷行爲，這只是其中之一。That made it all the more notable that Volkswagen agreed on Friday to extend its joint venture with China’s FAW Group by 25 years, pledging to invest 100 million euros in the Xinjiang region. VW has been present in China since the 1980s and currently operates eight facilities that produce cars and nine that make components.
週五，大衆同意把它與中國第一汽車集團公司的合資關係延長25年，承諾對新疆地區投資1億歐元（約合7.7億元人民幣）。考慮到此前的罰款，這件事更加令人矚目。大衆自20世紀80年代已進入中國，目前擁有八座生產汽車的工廠和九家制作零部件的公司。Ms. Merkel described Friday’s meeting with Mr. Li as “open and intense,” but noted that she had brought up the issues of fair markets, rule of law and human rights.
默克爾表示，週五與李克強的會晤“坦誠而緊張”，但又指出她提到了市場公平、法治和人權等問題。Sebastian Heilmann, director of the Mercator Institute for China Studies in Berlin, cautioned that the relationship between Germany and China “has the potential to be shaken by open conflict.”
柏林墨卡託中國研究中心負責人韓博天(Sebastian Heilmann)提醒道，中德關係“可能會因爲公開衝突而受到動搖”。He noted that the two also faced growing competition with each other in several critical sectors that could further strain ties.
他指出，兩國在幾個關鍵領域的競爭可能會越來越激烈，從而使兩國關係更加緊張。“There will be increased future competition in areas where the Germans are strong suppliers, such as mechanical tools, industrial parts and heating technology,” Mr. Heilmann said. “The Germans are climbing the ladder, and the Chinese are climbing right behind them.”
“德國在機械工具、工業部件和供暖技術等方面都是重要的供應商，將來，這些領域的競爭肯定會更加激烈，”韓博天說。“德國人正在爬梯子，中國人則緊隨其後。”Ms. Merkel’s insistence that human rights and economic interests must go hand in hand also has potential to strain the ties. In her most recent weekly podcast, she criticized China for sentencing Ilham Tohti, a Uighur intellectual, to life in prison. On Friday she emphasized the importance of pro-democracy protesters’ right to free speech in Hong Kong and expressed the hope that “a solution can be found through the free exchange of ideas that will satisfy the people of Hong Kong.”
默克爾堅決主張，人權和經濟利益應該得到同等對待。她這種觀點可能也會加劇緊張程度。默克爾在她的每週播客的最新一集中批評了中國對維吾爾學者伊力哈木·土赫提(Ilham Tohti)判處無期徒刑的做法。週五，她還強調了香港親民主抗議者享有言論自由的重要性，並表示她希望“各方能通過自由交流想法來找到解決方案，讓香港人民感到滿意”。On Thursday, government leaders in Hong Kong called off planned talks with students, after protesters vowed to continue their sit-ins.
在抗議者誓稱將繼續舉行靜坐抗議之後，香港政府領導人於週四取消了與學生的對話。Mr. Li said there had been no change to China’s policy of allowing Hong Kong to be governed by a different system than that of mainland China, but he would not be drawn into answering a question about China’s plans to have nominees for the post of top official vetted by a committee loyal to Beijing.
李克強表示，中國允許香港採用與大陸不同的制度，這項政策並未改變，但他並不願意回答與特首選舉相關的一個問題——中國政府計劃由忠於北京的一個委員會來提名特首候選人。“Maintaining Hong Kong’s long-term stability and prosperity is not only in China’s interest, but all the more in the interest of the city’s inhabitants,” Mr. Li said. He pledged to “protect the legitimate interests of all foreign investors” in Hong Kong.
“香港保持長期的繁榮、穩定，不僅符合中國人民的利益，更符合香港居民的利益，”李克強說。他承諾要“保護香港所有外國投資者的合法利益”。After a business meeting in the northern port city of Hamburg over the weekend, Mr. Li will travel to Russia, where he is to meet President Vladimir V. Putin, before continuing to Milan to attend a meeting of Asian and European leaders on Oct. 16 and 17.
週末，李克強將前往德國北部的港口城市漢堡參加商務會談，之後又將前往俄羅斯會見俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·V·普京(Vladimir V. Putin)。10月16日和17日，他將前往米蘭與亞洲和歐洲領導人舉行會晤。Experts expect Germany to seek to persuade Mr. Li to use his influence with Mr. Putin to move toward a resolution of the simmering crisis in Ukraine. “The Germans are hoping the Chinese can have a moderating influence over Russia,” Mr. Heilmann said.
專家預計，德國將試圖說服李克強利用他對普京的影響力，儘快爲烏克蘭日益升級的危機找到解決方案。韓博天說，“德國人希望中國能對俄羅斯施加約束性的影響。”
