俄烏之爭混局中中國恐成危機贏家

As European leaders threatened yet tougher sanctions to punish Russia for its aggressive policies in Ukraine on Monday, Vladimir Putin was thousands of miles away in oil rich east Siberia making friendly with a visiting Chinese official.

就在歐洲領導人週一威脅要以更嚴厲的制裁措施懲罰俄羅斯在烏克蘭的激進政策時，俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)卻遠在數千英里之外，在富含石油的東西伯利亞親切會見一位來訪的中國官員。

“On the whole we are very careful about allowing our foreign partners in, but of course for our Chinese friends there are no limits,” Russia’s president said.

普京在會見時表示：“一般而言，我們對於外國合作方的進入持非常謹慎的態度，不過對於中國朋友當然沒有任何限制。”

China is emerging as the winner in the Ukraine crisis even as Russia’s relations with the US and the European Union go from bad to worse. It has secured a huge gas deal with Gazprom and is making strides towards greater involvement in the Russian oil and gas production.

儘管俄羅斯與歐美的關係正進一步惡化，中國在烏克蘭危機中的贏家地位卻日益清晰。中國已與俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司(Gazprom)達成鉅額天然氣交易，目前正加快介入俄羅斯的石油和天然氣生產。

After holding out for better terms for most of a decade, Gazprom finally signed a 30 year contract with China in May that is unofficially valued at $400bn, locks the two countries into a long term gas partnership and should help ease Russian dependence on European gas markets.

在將近十年的討價還價之後，Gazprom最終在5月與中國簽署了一份時效爲30年的合同。這份合同的非官方估價高達4000億美元，它鎖定了中俄兩國的天然氣長期夥伴關係，並幫助俄羅斯減少了對歐洲天然氣市場的依賴。

Putin met Zhang Gaoli, Chinese deputy premier, in the remote Siberian city of Yakutsk on Monday to oversee the launch of the construction of a 3,000km gas pipeline that will transport up to 38bn cubic meters a year of Russian gas to China starting in 2019. The two men also discussed economic co-operation that – at a time when Russia is facing isolation from the west – will strengthen the strategic alliance between the two nations.

週一，普京在偏遠的西伯利亞城市雅庫茨克會見了中國副總理張高麗，兩人蔘加了一個3000公里長天然氣管道的開工儀式。從2019年開始，這條天然氣管道每年將把總計380億立方米的俄羅斯天然氣送往中國。除此以外，兩人還探討了中俄間的經濟合作。在俄羅斯面臨西方孤立之際，這種經濟合作將強化兩國間的同盟關係。

Russia has until recently been wary of allowing China access to its oil and gas fields, but the Ukraine crisis is helping break down its resistance. While in Russia, Zhang met with Alexei Miller the head of Gazprom and Rosneft’s president Igor Sechin to discuss opportunities for Chinese firms.

一直到最近，對於讓中國開採其油氣田，俄羅斯始終非常警惕。然而，烏克蘭危機削弱了這種阻力。在俄羅斯訪問時，張高麗還會晤了Gazprom首席執行官阿列克謝•米勒(Alexei Miller)和俄羅斯石油公司(Rosneft)首席執行官伊戈爾•謝欽(Igor Sechin)，探討了與中國公司的合作機會。

Barred from global capital markets by western sanctions, Rosneft is at risk of failing to boost oil production to meet its trading commitments – including a pledge made last year to triple oil deliveries to China.

在西方制裁下，Rosneft無法進入全球資本市場，面臨無法提升石油產量以及完不成合同的風險。這其中也包括該公司去年對中國的一項承諾：將對華石油出口擴大兩倍。

Sechin proposed to Zhang that Chinese companies buy an equity stake in Rosneft’s huge Vankor development in northern Russia that feeds oil into a pipeline to China.

謝欽向張高麗提議，中國企業可以買入Rosneft旗下一個極大油田Vankor的股份。該油田位於俄羅斯北部，出產的石油被送入一條通向中國的輸油管道。

Although the deal has yet to be negotiated, Putin gave his blessing on Monday telling Zhang that the “state supported such plans” and “we welcome your participation.” Vankor was one of Russia’s most prospective oil projects, he said.

雖然這一交易還有待磋商，但普京已在週一表達了他對該交易的支持。他告訴張高麗“俄羅斯政府支持此類計劃”，又提到“我們十分歡迎你們的參與”。他還說，Vankor是俄羅斯最有前景的石油項目之一。

So far China has trod a fine line in the Ukraine crisis in an effort not to take sides. China abstained in a vote on a United Nations Security Council draft resolution that would have condemned the referendum in Ukraine’s Crimea in March that paved the way for Russia to annex the Black Sea peninsular. However, Chinese officials have not publicly recognized Crimea as part of Russia.

到目前爲止，中國一直在烏克蘭危機中十分小心地走鋼絲，努力不去選邊站。今年3月，中國曾在聯合國安理會(United Nations Security Council)對一份決議草案投下棄權票。那份決議草案的內容是譴責烏克蘭克里米亞舉行的公投，那次公投爲俄羅斯吞併克里米亞這個黑海半島鋪平了道路。雖然如此，中國官方卻一直沒有公開承認克里米亞是俄羅斯的一部分。

The US has tried to persuade China to join western governments imposing sanctions to punish Russia for grabbing Crimea and supporting pro-Moscow separatists in south east Ukraine.

美國一直試圖勸說中國加入西方陣營，對俄羅斯實施制裁，以懲罰俄羅斯吞併克里米亞及支持烏克蘭東南部親俄分裂分子的行爲。

Zhang reassured Putin that would not be happening. “I want to stress that the Chinese side is categorically against US and western sanctions against Russia, against color revolutions and against attempts to restrain Russia’s development,” he said according to comments posted on the Kremlin website.

訪問期間，張高麗向普京保證，中國不會制裁俄羅斯。根據克里姆林宮網站上發佈的消息，張高麗說：“我想要強調一點，中方堅決反對美國和西方制裁俄羅斯，反對顏色革命，反對種種妨礙俄羅斯發展的企圖。”

“The strategic co-operation between us is long term, solid and stable. We must withstand any test,” he was quoted as adding.

報道還引述張高麗道：“中俄戰略合作是持久的、堅實的、穩定的。我們必須承受住任何考驗。”