俄羅斯能源出口目光轉向亞洲

Russian energy companies have moved to shore up relationships with non-European buyers in recent weeks as the continent seeks to reduce its reliance in Moscow.

俄羅斯能源企業在近幾周採取措施加強與歐洲以外買家的關係，目前歐洲試圖減少其對俄羅斯能源的依賴。

Gazprom held talks with Kuwait and Egypt about expanding supplies of liquefied natural gas, and next month hopes to sign a large long-term supply deal with China. Igor Sechin, president of Rosneft and an ally of Vladimir Putin, went on a whirlwind tour of customers and counterparties in Japan, South Korea, Vietnam and India. Ronald Smith, Citigroup oil and gas analyst in Moscow, said the current crisis was “turning Russian eyes east”.

俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司(Gazprom)與科威特和埃及就擴大液化天然氣(LNG)供應舉行了會談，下月還有望與中國達成一筆大規模長期供應協議。俄羅斯石油公司(Rosneft)總裁、弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)的盟友伊戈爾•謝欽(Igor Sechin)旋風式訪問了日本、韓國、越南和印度的客戶和交易對手方。花旗集團(Citigroup)駐莫斯科的油氣分析師羅恩•史密斯(Ron Smith)表示，當前危機正“令俄羅斯將目光轉向東方”。

None would disagree, however, that if Europe was successful in navigating away from Russian energy, the impact on Russia would be significant. While Europe is dependent on Russian oil, gas and coal supplies, the dependence is mutual: Europe accounts for half of Gazprom’s gas revenues, according to the company, and 71 per cent of Russia’s crude oil exports, according to the International Energy Agency.

然而，人們都會同意這種觀點：如果歐洲成功擺脫對俄羅斯能源的依賴，那對俄羅斯的影響將是顯著的。儘管歐洲依賴俄羅斯的油氣和煤炭供應，但這種依賴是相互的：根據俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司的數據，歐洲佔該公司天然氣收入的一半；根據國際能源署(International Energy Agency)的數據，俄羅斯原油出口的71%流向歐洲。

In the longer term, Russian companies are just as actively trying to diversify their own customer base as European politicians are trying to diversify supplies.

較長期而言，隨着歐洲政治人士努力實現供應多元化，俄羅斯企業也在努力實現其客戶基礎的多元化。

In a recent draft energy strategy for the next 20 years, Russia’s energy ministry outlined plans to double oil sales and quintuple gas sales to Asia by 2035.

在最近一份有關未來20年能源戰略的草案中，俄羅斯能源部制定計劃，到2035年將把向亞洲出口的石油銷量翻一番，天然氣銷量擴大4倍。

Russian energy groups have already begun this push. A growing share of oil – largely from Rosneft – is flowing directly to China by pipeline. Lukoil last week started commercial production at its West Qurna field in Iraq – with much of its output likely to be sold in Asia, analysts said. And Novatek, together with CNPC of China is building an LNG terminal that will help shift gas exports towards Asia.

俄羅斯能源集團已開始在這個方向上努力。越來越多的石油（主要來自俄羅斯石油公司）正通過管道直接流向中國。Lukoil在伊拉克的西古爾納油田上週投入商業化作業；分析師們表示，該油田的相當大一部分產出很可能在亞洲銷售。諾瓦泰克公司(Novatek)與中國石油天然氣集團公司(CNPC)正在建設一個液化天然氣碼頭，這個項目將有助於天然氣出口轉向亞洲。

Alexei Pushkov, head of the Duma’s foreign relations committee, summed up Russia’s view last week.

上週，俄羅斯國家杜馬(Duma)外事委員會主席阿列克謝•普什科夫(Alexei Pushkov)總結了俄羅斯的觀點。

Any reduction in imports from Russia thanks to Europe’s strategy “is not a prospect for the next few years,” he said. “And by that time I think Russia will find alternative gas export markets, especially in an environment of strong Asian demand for gas.”

他表示，歐洲的戰略導致其減少從俄羅斯的進口“並非未來幾年會發生的情形，”他表示，“到那時，我認爲，俄羅斯將找到替代天然氣出口市場，特別是在亞洲天然氣需求強勁的環境下。”