寫給國際讀者的共和黨代表大會指南
What to Expect at the Republican National Convention
寫給國際讀者的共和黨代表大會指南
Abroad in America, written by a Times foreign correspondent, approaches the election in much the same way as we would events overseas, deciphering the action for a global audience. Here is a guide to the Republican National Convention, which starts in Cleveland on Monday — a milestone in the race for the United States presidency, which will be decided in the Nov. 8 election.
由《紐約時報》駐外記者寫的“在國外處身美國”(Abroad in America)欄目用與我們報道海外事件大致一樣的方式來報道美國的大選，向全球讀者解讀競選活動。下面是週一在克利夫蘭開幕的共和黨全國代表大會指南。這是美國總統競選活動的一個里程碑，誰出任下任總統將由11月8日的投票結果決定。
What’s happening?
代表大會上將發生什麼？
Republican delegates are converging on the lakeside city of Cleveland for the Republican National Convention. Their task is to nominate the party’s presidential candidate for the election in November. There is a single contender: Donald J. Trump, the property tycoon, reality TV star and — after a successful primary campaign that upended American politics this spring — the man poised to take the nomination.
共和黨代表們正在湖濱城市克利夫蘭彙集，出席共和黨全國代表大會。他們的任務是提名本黨參加11月大選的總統候選人。只有一位競爭者：地產大亨、電視真人秀明星唐納德·J·特朗普(Donald J. Trump)，他在今年春季顛覆了美國政治的初選中成功勝出，對成爲提名人有充分的準備。
Since Late May, Mr. Trump has controlled a majority of the 2,472 delegate votes. If he is nominated as expected by the end of this week’s convention — four days of speeches, political events and likely street protests — he will emerge as the Republican Party’s first presidential candidate since 1940 whose principal qualification is his experience as a corporate executive.
自5月下旬起，特朗普已控制了2472名代表票中的大多數。如果他按照預期在本週的代表大會結束前獲得提名，他將成爲共和黨自1940年以來的首位以企業管理經驗爲主要資格的總統候選人。代表大會爲期四天，其間將有不少演講、政治事件，以及可能的街頭抗議活動。
Is the outcome in doubt?
大會結果有疑問嗎？
Not really, although there could be complications. In a normal year, conventions are pageants of carefully choreographed political theater in which the party seeks to heal the wounds of the primary election, unite behind a candidate and galvanize its base for the larger battle of the presidential election.
不大可能，雖然可能會出現複雜情況。在正常的年份，代表大會是精心編排的政治舞臺表演，黨通過代表大會尋求彌合初選活動的創傷，把全黨團結在候選人周圍，爲總統競舉的大戰役激發本黨的大本營。
This is not a normal year. Late last week, Mr. Trump’s opponents in the so-called Never Trump movement tried to amend party rules to allow delegates already pledged to a candidate according to the primary results to vote according to their consciences. The last-ditch effort failed — it could have effectively disenfranchised the 14 million people who voted for Mr. Trump — but was seen as a sign of the divisions that his unconventional candidacy has driven down the center of the Republican Party.
今年不是一個正常的年份。上週晚些時候，反對特朗普的所謂“永不特朗普”運動試圖修改黨章，允許根據初選結果已經承諾投票某名候選人的代表，根據他們的良心投票。但這一最後的努力失敗了，那樣做會相當於剝奪了把票投給特朗普的1400萬公民的選舉權，但該努力被看作是特朗普非常規候選人的身份在共和黨中間製造分裂的一個標誌。
The Republican establishment is uncomfortable with Mr. Trump’s candidacy, accusing him of disregarding Republican orthodoxy and treating the party as little more than vehicle for his personal ambitions. Several leading Republicans — including former President George W. Bush and his father, George Bush, also a former president — are not coming to Cleveland. Other party members have openly snubbed Mr. Trump, announcing that they have other plans this week, such as going fly-fishing, or a pressing need to “mow the lawn.”
共和黨的當權派對特朗普成爲候選人感到不安，他們指責他置共和黨正統於不顧，只是把共和黨當作實現他個人野心的工具。一些主要的共和黨人，包括前總統喬治·W·布什(George W. Bush)及其同樣是前總統的父親喬治·布什(George Bush)都不來克利夫蘭。其他共和黨人公開怠慢特朗普，宣佈他們本週有其他計劃，比如去飛釣、或這迫切需要“修剪草坪”。
Mr. Trump has divided big business, too. Some tech companies that have supported Republican conventions in previous years, like Apple, have pulled out of this year’s event.
特朗普也在大企業中製造了分裂。有些過去幾年爲共和黨代表大會提供贊助的技術公司，比如蘋果，沒有支持今年的活動。
However, Facebook and Microsoft will provide services.
不過，Facebook和微軟將爲大會提供服務。
Who’s backing Mr. Trump?
誰支持特朗普？
Mr. Trump has struggled to attract many A-list celebrities to speak at the event, and the provisional lineup includes an eclectic variety of speakers including his wife, Melania; his four adult children; a female astronaut; and Pam Bondi, the Florida attorney general. One speaker, the professional golfer Natalie Gulbis, met Mr. Trump at a tournament at one of his golf courses and starred on his reality TV show “The Apprentice.” Other speakers include Willie Robertson of the television show “Duck Dynasty” and a number of actors from daytime soap operas, one of whom is a former underwear model.
特朗普一直在努力爭取頭等名人在代表大會上發表講演，初步的講演者陣容可謂兼收幷蓄，包括他的妻子梅拉尼亞(Melania)、他的四個成年子女、一名女航天員，以及佛羅里達州的總檢察長潘姆·邦迪(Pam Bondi)等人。還有一位發言者是職業高爾夫球手納塔利·古爾比斯(Natalie Gulbis)，她是在特朗普擁有的高爾夫球場之一參加比賽時認識他的，她還在特朗普的真人秀節目《學徒》(The Apprentice)中擔任過主角。其他講演者包括電視節目《鴨子王朝》(Duck Dynasty)的威利·羅伯遜(Willie Robertson)，以及一批在白天肥皂劇節目中扮演角色的演員，其中一人是前內衣模特。
Survivors of the 2012 attack on the American consulate in Benghazi, Libya, are scheduled to speak, as are several of Mr. Trump’s vanquished rivals from the primary contest, like Senator Ted Cruz and Ben Carson.
2012年駐利比亞班加西的美國領事館被襲事件的倖存者也被安排了發言，幾名在初選中被特朗普擊敗的對手也被安排發言，如參議員特德·克魯茲(Ted Cruz)和本·卡森(Ben Carson)。
Although many senior Republicans are skipping the conference, it will be hosted by Paul D. Ryan, the speaker of the House of Representatives and the highest-ranking elected Republican. Mr. Ryan has openly clashed with Mr. Trump on his most contentious proposals, but has agreed to row behind the Trump candidacy for the sake of party unity.
儘管有許多資深共和黨人逃會，但代表大會將由衆議院議長、共和黨中級別最高的當選官員保羅·D·瑞安(Paul D. Ryan)主持。瑞安曾在特朗普最有爭議的提案上與特朗普公開發生過沖突，但他出於黨內團結的緣故，同意站到支持特朗普的隊伍中來。
A key last-minute addition to the speaking order is Gov. Mike Pence of Indiana, whom Mr. Trump announced as his candidate for vice president on Friday. The chaotic manner of Mr. Pence’s appointment, with Mr. Trump wavering between his options until the last moment, typified his on-the-fly management style, which has so unnerved many Republican leaders. Yet the choice of Mr. Pence, a hard-line social conservative, may expand Mr. Trump’s support among the party’s Christian base.
一名在最後時刻加到發言者名單上的關鍵人物是印第安納州州長麥克·潘斯(Mike Pence)，特朗普已在上週五宣佈潘斯爲自己的副總統候選人。潘斯被選中的方式頗爲混亂，特朗普直到最後一刻仍在自己的選擇之間搖擺不定，這是典型的特朗普即時管理風格，這種風格讓許多共和黨領導人非常不安。不過，選擇強硬的社會保守派人士潘斯可擴大特朗普在共和黨的基督教大本營中的支持。
Most important, Mr. Trump has the support of 1,542 pledged and unpledged delegates — more than the 1,237 required to clinch the nomination. That does not guarantee him an easy ride, though — organizers worry that refuseniks could still find a way to drag out his nomination and cast the proceedings into chaos.
最重要的是，特朗普有1542名已承諾和未承諾的代表的支持，這比獲得提名所需的1237票多。但這並不能保證他能輕而易舉地獲得提名，大會組織者擔心反對者仍可找到方法來拖延他的提名，讓大會議程陷入混亂。
What about the streets outside?
大會場外的街道上呢？
The anticipated arrival of thousands of demonstrators in Cleveland, following rowdy scenes at Trump rallies in Chicago and California this year, has stoked fears of violent clashes outside Quicken Loans Arena, where the convention will be held. At least 10,000 people from a wide spectrum of groups have expressed their intention to march, including Catholic nuns, white skinheads and Westboro Baptist Church, a church from Kansas that campaigns against gay rights. Recent shootings of police officers in Texas and Louisiana have intensified worries of bloodshed.
繼今年在芝加哥和加利福尼亞州的特朗普集會上出現了鬧哄哄的場面之後，預計將有數千名示威者抵達克利夫蘭，這讓人們擔心在以Quicken Loans冠名的體育館外可能發生暴力衝突。有來自範圍廣泛的不同羣體的至少1萬人表示，他們打算遊行，其中有天主教修女、白人光頭黨成員，以及威斯特布路浸信會的信徒，這個來自堪薩斯州的教堂專門從事反對同性戀權利的活動。最近在得克薩斯州和路易斯安那州發生的槍殺警察事件加劇了人們對流血的擔憂。
The authorities in Cleveland have drafted an extra 2,500 police officers for the convention, extended the courts’ daily operating hours to 20 and cleared 1,000 beds at local jails in case of mass arrests. A range of items, including gas masks and milk bottles, have been banned from the area around the arena.
克利夫蘭當局已經爲代表大會額外調動了2500名警察，把法院的日常工作時間延長到20小時，騰空了當地監獄的1000張牀位，已備出現大規模逮捕的情況。並在體育館附近地區禁止了各類物品，包括防毒面具和玻璃奶瓶。
Real guns, though, are allowed: Ohio is one of several states to allow licensed gun owners to carry their weapons openly. (However, guns will not be permitted inside the convention hall, which will be secured by the Secret Service, or a small perimeter area around it.) Some news organizations have provided their staff with war-zone style training and bought stocks of protective equipment.
但仍允許人們攜帶真槍：俄亥俄州是幾個允許有證持槍者公開攜帶武器的州之一。（但是在大會會場禁槍，會場和小部分周邊區域將由特勤局負責保安。）一些新聞機構已經爲工作人員提供了戰區式訓練，還買了一批防護設備。
