[新鮮書市]掌握搖籃的手統治世界？

掌握搖籃的手統治世界？

來源：Times Online 編輯：Vicki 翻譯:譯言網

女權主義Gloria Steinem昔日描述大女性運動是“一場革命而不是公共關係運動”,今日Barbara Ehrenreich站出來說：“抱歉，姐妹們，這不是一場革命”做爲女人，你有沒認真想過自己的使命和責任呢？女人，何去何從？

Sorry, Sisters, This Is Not the Revolution

American feminism late 1980s style could be defined, cynically, as women's rush to do the same foolish and benighted things that have traditionally occupied men. And why not? The good and honest things that have traditionally occupied women -- like rearing children and keeping husbands in clean shirts -- are valued in the open market at somewhere near the minimum wage. And whatever one thinks of investment banking or corporate law, the perks and the pay are way ahead of those for waitressing and data entry. So, every time a woman breaks a new barrier the rest of us tend to cheer -- even if she's running a pollution-producing company or toting a gun in some ill-considered war.
20世紀80年代末的美國女權主義風格可以被定義爲受盡嘲諷的，因爲婦女們搶着做那些歷來由男人做的愚昧無知的事。但是爲什麼不呢？婦女們向來在生活中做着美好而善良的事情－－比如相夫教子－－這類在市場上工資最低的事情。而且顯而易見的做銀行投資或是企業法律，享有的權利和收入都遠高於服務行業或數據錄入工作。所以，每當女性朋友們打破一個新的障礙，我們都爲她的勝利歡呼－－即便她正在經營一個產生大量污染的公司或者攜帶槍枝橫行在盲目的戰爭中。

Two cheers, anyway. Because this is not the revolution that I, at least, signed on for. When the feminist movement burst forth a couple of decades ago, the goal was not just to join 'em -- and certainly not just to beat 'em -- but to improve an imperfect world. Gloria Steinem sketched out the vision in a 1970 TIME Essay titled "What It Would Be Like If Women Win." What it would be like was a whole lot better, for men as well as women, because, as she said right up front, "Women don't want to exchange places with men." We wanted better places, in a kinder, gentler, less rigidly gendered world.
真是兩人歡呼一人嘲笑。因爲這不是一場戰爭，而我，至少，在這裏要這麼說。當女權主義運動爆發幾十年前，我們的目標不僅僅是要加入她們－－當然也不是要打擊她們－－而是攺善這個不完美的世界。Gloria Steinem在1970年在TIME雜誌上發表文章概述了她的夢想，文章標題是：“如果女人贏了世界會如何”。對男人和女人而言都可能會好很多，因爲，正如她前面所說，“女人不想取代男人”我們只想在更仁慈溫和的，少一些性別劃分的世界中找到屬於自己更好的位置。 We didn't claim that women were morally superior. But they had been at the receiving end of prejudice long enough, we thought, to empathize with the underdog of either sex. Then too, the values implicit in motherhood were bound to clash with the "male values" of competitiveness and devil-may-care profiteering. We imagined women storming male strongholds and, once inside, becoming change agents, role models, whistle-blowers. The hand that rocks the cradle was sure to rock the boat.
我們並未要求女性朋友們在道德上高人一等。但是她們被誤解和歧視地太久了，我們認爲，要去同情弱者羣體。這樣，母性中隱含的價值又必然與不顧一切地謀取暴利且具競爭性的“男性價值”起衝突。我們可以想像女人動搖了男人的據點，而一旦佔據了，我們就是變革的驅動者，模範，喚醒政府和社會令人側目的一方了。掌握搖籃的手統治世界。

To a certain extent, women have "won." In medicine, law and management, they have increased their participation by 300% to 400% since the early '70s, and no one can argue that they haven't made some difference. Women lawyers have spearheaded reforms in the treatment of female victims of rape and of battering. Women executives have created supportive networks to help other women up the ladder and are striving to sensitize corporations to the need for ) flexible hours, child care and parental leave. Women journalists have fought to get women's concerns out of the "style section" and onto the front page. Women doctors, according to physician-writer Perri Klass, are less paternalistic than their male counterparts and "better at listening."
在一定程度上，女人已經"贏了"。自從70年代初，在醫學領域，法律界或是管理級，她們已經提升了300%－400%的參與經，而且沒有人會置疑她們同樣地出色。女性律師率先針對女性受到的性犯罪和虐待傷害罪的法例進行了改革。女性主管已經創建並支持公司的網絡完善，不但幫助其他婦女提升地位還努力提高了公司效率）獲得了更多靈活時間以備父母不在時的照顧下一代。女性新聞從業者也爭取將對女性關注的新聞從“時尚篇”移到頭版頭條。女性醫生，也被醫學作家Perri Klas描述爲比男性同行具較少的家長式作風而善於“更專注的聆聽”。
But, I'm sorry, sisters, this is not the revolution. What's striking, from an old-fashioned (ca. 1970) feminist perspective, is just how little has changed. The fact that law is no longer classified as a "nontraditional" occupation for women has not made our culture any less graspingly litigious or any more concerned with the rights of the underdog. Women doctors haven't made a dent in the high-tech, bottom-line fixation of the medical profession, and no one would claim that the influx of executive women has ushered in a new era of high-toned business ethics.
是的，抱歉，我的姐妹們，這不是場革命。它也沒有驚天動地的，從老式的（大約70年代）女權主義者的角度來看，幾乎沒有變化。事實上那條法律已不再被列爲“非傳統”爲女性提供就業機會沒有使我們的文明變得少一點的訴訟或增加了對弱勢羣體權力的關注度。女性醫生也沒有把高科技弄砸，沒有人會要求蜂擁而至的女性執行官開創具備高深商業道德的新時代。

Keke View：權問題既指女權運動（實踐），又指女性主義思想（理論）。在美國，從19世紀70年代到本世紀70年代的一百年間，女權運動經歷了兩個高潮。女性主義思想就是在女權運動中產生和發展的。在理論上，它也吸納了其他思想體系的內容和方法，如第一階段的女權主義就採納了自由主義思想和天賦人權的理論；而第二階段除了傳統的自由主義和天賦人權外，還借鑑了馬克思主義、弗洛伊德主義及後結構主義的理論成果。