中英雙語話史記 第135期:二次革命

The Republic of China

中華民國

Second Revolution

二次革命

In April, Yuan secured the Reorganization Loan of twenty-five million pound sterling from Great Britain, France, Russia, Germany and Japan, without consulting the parliament first.

1913年4月，袁世凱在沒有與議會討論的情況下，向英、法、俄、德、日五國籌措了二千五百萬英鎊的“善後大借款”。

The loan was used to finance Yuan’s Beiyang Army.

這筆借款用於擴充北洋軍費。

On May 20, Yuan concluded a deal with Russia that recognized special Russian privilege in Outer Mongolia and restricted Chinese right to station troops there.

5月20日，袁世凱與俄羅斯達成了協議，承認俄在外蒙古的特權，並限制中國駐軍權。

Kuomintang members of the Parliament accused Yuan of abusing his rights and called for his removal.

議會中的國民黨成員指責袁世凱濫用權力，要求他辭職。

On the other hand, the Progressive Party（進步黨）, which was composed of constitutional monarchists and supported Yuan, accused the Kuomintang of fomenting an insurrection.

另一方面，由君主立憲主義者和袁世凱的支持者組成的進步黨，指責國民黨煽動起義。

Yuan then decided to use military action against the Kuomintang.

袁世凱因此決定對國民黨採取軍事行動。

In July of 1913 seven southern provinces rebelled against Yuan, thus began the Second Revolution(二次革命）.

1913年7月，南方7省起義反抗袁世凱統治，掀開了二次革命的序幕。

There were several underlying reasons for the Second Revolution besides Yuan’s abuse of power.

除了袁世凱濫用權力外，還有一些潛在的原因導致了二次革命。

First was that many Revolutionary Armies from different provinces were disbanded after the establishment of the Republic of China, and many officers and soldiers felt that they were not compensated for toppling the Qing Dynasty.

第一是各省革命軍在民國成立後被解散，很多軍官和士兵覺得自己並未得到推翻清政府的好處。

Thus, there was much discontent against the new government among the military.

因此，軍中對於新政府有很多不滿。

Secondly, many revolutionaries felt that Yuan Shikai and Li Yuan-hong were undeserving of the posts of presidency and vice presidency, because they acquired the posts through political maneuvers, rather than participation in the revolutionary movement.

第二是許多革命者覺得袁世凱和黎元洪作爲總統和副總統不夠格，他們通過政治手段獲得職位，而非參與革命。

And lastly, Yuan’s use of violence (such as Song’s assassination), dashed Kuomintang’s hope of achieving reforms and political goals through electoral means.

最後一點是袁世凱對於暴力的極端使用，例如暗殺宋教仁，粉碎了國民黨通過選舉實現改革和政治目的的希望。

However, the Second Revolution did not fare well for the Kuomintang.

然而，國民黨領導的二次革命並不成功。

The leading Kuomintang military force of Jiangxi was defeated by Yuan’s forces on August 1 and Nanchang was taken.

8月1日，江西的國民黨軍被袁世凱軍擊敗，南昌失守。

On September 1, Nanjing was taken.

9月1日，南京失守。

When the rebellion was suppressed, Sun and other instigators fled to Japan.

起義失敗後，孫中山和其他組織者逃往日本。