狗狗新技能：根據照片認出主人
Dogs may possess the ability to recognise facial features from photographs - a skill previously thought to be exclusive to humans and some primates.
狗狗可能擁有從照片識別面部特徵的能力——這項技能原本被認爲只屬於人類和某些靈長類動物。
A study by researchers at the University of Helsinki in Finland used eye movement tracking to see if they look at familiar and strange faces differently.
芬蘭赫爾辛基大學的研究人員通過眼部活動追蹤來判別狗狗們對於熟悉人臉和陌生人臉的觀察是否一樣。
Their eye movements were measured while they watched images of familiar humans faces and dogs being displayed on the computer screen, as well images from dogs and humans that the canines had never met.
當狗狗們在電腦屏幕前觀察熟悉人類，其他從未見過的小狗和陌生人類照片時，他們的眼睛動作被記錄下來，
'Dogs were trained to lie still during the image presentation and to perform the task independently.
'Dogs seemed to experience the task rewarding, because they were very eager to participate,' Professor Vainio told Science Daily.
“狗狗們被訓練在照片展示期間躺着不動，然後獨立執行任務。它們的表現令人滿意，因爲他們似乎迫切渴望參與進來。”Vainio教授告訴《Science Daily》。
While it is well known that eye contact is an important part of communication between dogs and humans, no studies have probed dog's ability to recognise faces using eye movement tracking.
雖然狗狗與人類的眼神交流是衆所周知的，但之前沒有這方面的研究，即根據狗狗眼神活動追蹤來研究它們面部識別的能力。
The team found that dogs fixed their gaze more often on familiar faces and eyes rather than strange ones, indicating that dogs were able to perceive faces in the images.
團隊研究發現，狗狗們會將眼神更集中在熟悉的臉部和眼睛上，而不是其他陌生的照片，這也表明狗狗可以通過照片認知人臉。
These results indicate that dogs might have facial recognition skills, similar to humans.
這些發現表明狗狗們可能也有同人類一樣的人臉識別技能。
The researcher also found dogs looked at images of dogs longer than images of humans, regardless of the familiarity of the faces in the images.
研究人員同時發現，無論照片上實物的熟悉度，狗狗們在狗類照片上的注視時間長於人類照片。
Furthermore, some parts of the images was presented in inverted forms, for example upside-down, as it is known that the human brain processes upside-down images in a different way than upright facial images.
此外，部分照片是倒着擺放的，比如上下倒立。衆所周知，人類大腦對於正立和倒立的臉部圖片處理形式是不一樣的。
Dogs viewed upright faces just as long as inverted faces, but they gazed more at the eye area of upright faces - just like us.
但狗狗們觀察這兩類照片的方式是一樣的，不過他們會想我們一樣更關注在豎立照片上的眼睛部位。
