擔憂疫情蔓延 美股“熔斷”全球股市下跌
爲應對新冠肺炎疫情對經濟的衝擊，美聯儲15日宣佈緊急下調基準利率1個百分點並再度啓動量化寬鬆措施，但金融市場並未給予積極迴應。紐約股市16日開盤暴跌並再次觸發熔斷機制，全球其他幾大股市也出現下跌。
Global stock markets have sunk again despite central banks around the world announcing a co-ordinated effort to ease the effects of the coronavirus.
儘管各國央行宣佈協同努力緩解新冠肺炎疫情的影響，但全球股市仍然再次下跌。
The Dow Jones index closed 12.9% down after President Donald Trump said the economy "may be" heading for recession.
在美國總統唐納德·特朗普稱經濟“可能”走向衰退後，道瓊斯指數收盤下跌12.9%。
London's FTSE 100 ended 4% lower, and other major European markets saw similar slides.
倫敦富時100指數收盤時下跌4%，歐洲其他主要股市也出現了類似的下跌。
On Sunday, the US Federal Reserve cut interest rates to almost zero and launched a $700 billion stimulus programme.
上週日（3月15日），美聯儲將利率降至近零水準，並啓動了7000億美元（約合人民幣4.89萬億元）的刺激計劃。
It was part of co-ordinated action announced alongside the eurozone, the UK, Japan, Canada, and Switzerland.
這是與歐元區、英國、日本、加拿大和瑞士共同宣佈的協調行動的一部分。
Worries mounted that central banks' emergency measures over the weekend meant the economy is in much worse shape than previously believed.
人們越來越擔心，各國央行上週末採取的緊急措施意味着，經濟狀況比預想的要糟糕得多。
However, investors are worried that central banks now have few options left to combat the impact of the pandemic.
然而，投資者擔心，各國央行目前已沒有多少選擇來應對新冠肺炎疫情的影響。
The new governor of the Bank of England, Andrew Bailey, has pledged to take "prompt action again" when necessary to stop the damage to the economy from the coronavirus pandemic.
英國央行新任行長安德魯•貝利承諾，必要時將“再次迅速採取行動”，以阻止新冠肺炎疫情對經濟造成損害。
David Madden, a market analyst at CMC Markets, said that while central bankers were trying to calm the markets, "in reality it is having the opposite effect".
盈豐財資市場的市場分析師戴維•馬登表示，儘管各國央行試圖安撫市場，但“實際上卻產生了相反的效果”。
"The radical measures have sent out a very worrying message to dealers, and that is why they are blindly dumping stocks."
“這些激進措施向交易商發出的信息非常令人擔憂，因此他們在盲目拋售股票。”
In New York, steep falls as markets opened triggered another automatic halt to trading, which is meant to curb panic selling. Before last week, such halts, known as circuit breakers, had not been used in more than two decades.
紐約股市開盤後大幅下跌，再次引發“熔斷”，即爲了遏制恐慌性拋售而自動暫停交易。在上週出現“熔斷”之前，美國股市已有20多年沒有出現過這種情況。
【小知識：熔斷機制是什麼？】
首先，熔斷機制的英文是circuit breaker mechanism，其中，circuit breaker在電工學裏就是斷路器的意思。當電路中出現短路時，斷路器會立即斷開電路，保護負載的安全。
►The circuit breaker mechanism refers to measures adopted by stock exchanges to temporarily halt trading to avert panic selling after the stock index has fallen a certain percentage.
熔斷機制是指股指下跌一定比例後，證券交易所採取暫停交易以避免恐慌性拋售的措施。
►The circuit breaker mechanism aims to check abnormal prices wings.
熔斷機制的目的是遏制交易價格異常波動。
業內人士表示，熔斷機制可以給市場一個冷靜期(cooling-off period)，讓投資者充分消化市場信息(market information)，防止市場或某一產品非理性的大幅波動(fluctuations)，特別防止市場大幅下跌甚至發生股災(stock market crash)，以維護市場的穩定。
But the sell-off continued after the 15-minute suspension, with the Dow losing nearly 3,000 points or 12.9%, its worst percentage drop since 1987.
但在暫停交易15分鐘後，股市繼續出現拋售，道瓊斯指數下跌近3000點，跌幅達12.9%，達到1987年以來的跌幅。
The wider S&P 500 dropped 11.9%, while Nasdaq dropped 12.3%. All three indexes are now down more than 25% from their highs.
標準普爾500指數下跌11.9%，納斯達克指數下跌12.3%。三大股指目前都較高點下跌了超過25%。
In London, firms in the travel sector saw big falls. Share in holiday firm Tui sank more than 27% after it said it would suspend the "majority" of its operations. BA-owner IAG fell more than 25% after it said it would cut its flight capacity by at least 75% in April and May.
在倫敦，旅遊行業的公司股價大幅下跌。度假公司途易宣佈將暫停“大部分”業務後，其股價下跌超過27%。英國航空公司的母公司國際航空集團股價下跌逾25%，此前該集團表示，將在4月和5月削減至少75%的航班。
The FTSE 250, which includes a number of well-known UK-focused companies, ended down about 7.8%.
富時250指數收跌約7.8%，其中包括多家主要在英國投資的知名企業。
All the main European share indexes fell sharply, though they later regained some ground. France's Cac 40 index fell more than 5.7% and Germany's Dax dropped more than 5.3%.
歐洲主要股指均大幅下跌，不過後來有所回升。法國Cac 40指數下跌超過5.7%，德國Dax指數下跌超過5.3%。
Earlier in Asia, Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 closed down 2.5% and the Shanghai Composite in China ended the day 3.3% lower.
之前在亞洲股市，日本日經225指數收盤下跌2.5%，中國上證綜合指數收盤下跌3.3%。
Oil prices, which have been shaken by a price war between exporters, fell again. Brent crude dropped by more than 10% to less than $32 a barrel while West Texas International crude fell more than 8% to less than $30 a barrel.
受到出口商之間價格戰影響的油價再次下跌。布倫特原油價格下跌超過10%，至每桶不到32美元，而西德克薩斯國際原油價格下跌超過8%，至每桶不到30美元。
The Bank of Japan announced that it would increase its purchases of exchange-traded funds, as well as corporate and governments bonds. The Reserve Bank of Australia also said it stands ready to purchase Australian government bonds to support the market. It said further policy measure will come out on Thursday.
日本央行宣佈，將購買更多的交易所交易基金以及公司和政府債券。澳大利亞央行也表示，隨時準備購買澳大利亞政府債券以支撐市場，並表示進一步的政策措施將於週四出臺。
Global monetary policy support is coming "thick and heavy," said Stephen Innes, global chief markets strategist at AxiCorp.
AxiCorp全球首席市場策略師斯蒂芬•英尼斯表示，全球貨幣政策的支持力度“非常大”。
But the biggest concern is that the world's top central banks have exhausted their policy tool kit, especially the Fed, the biggest and most influential one of them all, he said.
但他表示，最大的擔憂是，全球各大央行已經用盡了自己的政策工具，尤其是美聯儲。美聯儲是全球最大、最有影響力的央行之一。
"The markets now appear kind of defenseless to another selling onslaught, so the fiscal step is crucial in avoiding a dreaded global credit event," Innes added.
他補充說：“現在市場對另一輪拋售似乎無法招架，因此財政措施對於避免可怕的全球信貸事件至關重要。”
【學英語】
表示股票價格“下跌”的動詞很多，表示股票“小幅下跌”，可以用dip，edge down，slip lower等。像dive，nosedive， plunge，plummet， tumble，sink等動詞，都是形容股票的“大幅下跌”。如果要表示股票“大幅快速下跌”，則可以用crash，collapse，crumble，slump等。
股市常用詞
Shanghai Composite Index 上證綜合指數
Shenzhen Component Index 深證成份股指數
Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index 香港恆生指數
A-share market A股市場
B-share market B股市場
bourse 證券交易所
trading 交易，買賣
turnover 成交額
trading volume 交易額，成交量
weighting 權重
morning session 早盤
afternoon session 午盤
insider trading 內幕交易
trader 交易者
speculator 投機者
investor 投資者
broker 證券經紀人
brokerage 券商（股民開立賬戶的地方）
margin finance account 保證金融資賬戶（相當於借錢炒股）
securities regulator 證券監管機構
[牛市常用詞]
surge 大漲
gain 上漲
soar 飛漲
climb 攀升
rally 回升
buoy 提振
bullish 看漲的；上揚的
fund inflow 資金流入
capital inflow 資金流入
outperform 跑贏（大盤）
hover 徘徊
returns 收益，回報
pick up 回升
edge up 微升
[熊市常用詞]
slump 暴跌
tumble 暴跌
slip 下跌
retreat 下跌
fall 下跌
drop 下降
decline 下降
bearish 看跌的，下跌的
lose ground 下跌
edge down 微降
dip 微降
equities bubble 股市泡沫
