大學生第一份工作最常犯的錯誤大綱

Answer by Sae Min Ahn, managing partner at Rakuten Ventures
樂天投資（Rakuten Ventures）主理合夥人Sae Min Ahn的回答

This is not specifically for software engineers but I believe this applies for the many young hopefuls walking into their first company.
我認爲，以下這些錯誤並非軟件工程師的專利，所有滿懷希望，剛步入職場的年輕人都很容易犯這些錯誤。

Falling more in love with the company than the job:Probably one of the biggest mistakes I made. I truly believed that if I got into the company I wanted, I would eventually find the role that was right for me. What was more painful was that I gave up an amazing role in a different company because I liked the branding of my-then-employer
愛公司多過愛工作：這或許是我犯下的最大的錯誤之一。我當時堅信，只要我進入那家我心儀已久的公司，最終就一定能找到適合自己的崗位。更痛苦地是，我還放棄了另外一家公司提供的一份好工作，只是因爲我喜歡當時那家僱主的品牌。

Believing that my manager had all the answers and provided consistently right guidance: One of the hardest and disappointing lessons I had to learn but soon came to realize was the most valuable. I had a manager that I truly trusted and believed in. Whatever she told me I believed was canon and infallible. It turned out she was just as clueless as I was and had a tenancy for emotional abuse when things got hectic or too hot to handle
相信上司知道所有問題的答案，並且總能提供正確的指導：這是我得到的最殘酷、最令人失望的一條教訓，但很快我意識到這也是最寶貴的教訓。有一位上司深得我的信任，我對她深信不疑。不論她告訴我什麼，我都奉若圭臬，認爲她的話絕對可靠。結果證明，她與我一樣愚蠢，在面臨混亂或棘手的難題時，她甚至會出現精神虐待傾向。

Believing that having a black and white viewpoint on business execution was the right path: This was actually an issue – I hope it isn’t anymore – with a lot of the Korean companies at the time. They try to indoctrinate the new grad into thinking that their competitor is “the enemy” or even portray them as “evil” in an irrational mantra. I’m sure it was to gain short-term loyalty, but for a lot of people I know, they picked up a really bad habit of emotionally expending too much time “hating” on their rivals and not thinking enough about the bigger picture of things
堅信應該持有黑白分明的商業立場：曾幾何時，受大量韓國公司的影響，這真的是一個問題，但願它現在已不復存在。他們會向剛畢業的學生灌輸這樣一種思想：競爭對手是“敵人”，甚至不理性地將他們描繪成“邪惡的”一方。這種做法確實能獲得短期的忠誠，但就我所知，許多人養成了一種壞習慣，他們在情感上投入太多時間去“憎恨”競爭對手，而沒有充分考慮大局。

Believing that I would start doing “cool stuff” day one of my job: This was a funny time in my life as I thought I could take on the world and make the company revenue chart hit a neck-breaking hockey stick vector. I soon came to realize I had little applicable skills and had to really learn how to plan, prioritize and execute. Each step was like pulling a tooth but hey, I’m here aren’t I?
相信在工作首日，自己就開始做“很酷的事情”：這是我一生中非常可笑的一段時間，因爲我當時認爲自己可以挑戰整個世界，可以讓公司的收入曲線顯著上升。我很快就意識到，自己掌握的技能幾乎爲零，必須學習如何規劃、安排優先事項和執行。每走出一步就像拔牙一樣痛苦，但那又如何，我已經走到這一步了，不是嗎？

Answer by Allen Wu, software engineer at Yahoo
雅虎（Yahoo）軟件工程師Allen Wu的回答

Two mistakes I made during my first job in software engineering as a new grad come to mind. Hopefully reading about my experiences will encourage new college grads to be more cognizant of these common mistakes.
我記得畢業後從事第一份軟件工程師工作時曾經犯下兩個錯誤。但願我的經歷能夠鼓勵剛畢業的大學生們更謹慎地避免這些常見錯誤。

The first was grossly underestimating how long it would take to complete a feature. The business requirements suggested that the feature was not very technically complex and would be straightforward to implement. What ended up being responsible for the bulk of the time was cross team collaboration, dependencies on others, and evolving requirements, which led to many iterations of development. There’s an aphorism in software engineering that says that 90% of the work takes 90% of the estimated time, and the remaining 10% of work takes another 90% of time, resulting in a total development time of 180% of the original estimate. Even after some experience in software development, it is still really difficult for me to accurately estimate the development time of a task (see Jan Christian Meyer’s answer to Software Engineering: What is the hardest thing you do as a software engineer?), though it’s getting better.
第一個錯誤是，嚴重低估完成一項功能所需要的時間。業務要求規定，功能在技術上不能太過複雜，而且要易於操作。最終結果是，跨團隊協作、對其他人的依賴性，以及不斷更新的要求，佔用了大部分時間。而不斷更新的要求常常導致許多重複的開發工作。軟件工程領域有一句格言是這樣說的：90%的工作會用去90%的時間，剩餘10%的工作還需要90%的時間，最終結果是，開發時間將是預估時間的180%。即便在軟件開發行業積累了一些經驗之後，我依然很難準確估算一項任務的開發時間，儘管現在的情況有所好轉。

The second was not asking for help when I should have. I was stuck on a bug I discovered for a feature that I was trying to implement. Trying to uncover the root cause of the bug was like opening a can of worms – related problems started popping up everywhere. Instead of properly escalating the issues to increase their visibility to get more resources or asking for help, I spent many cycles trying to find solutions, which was an exercise in futility. My manager at the time noted that a common mistake made by junior developers is to “disappear” to work on their tasks for extended periods of time, and reappear when they’re finished. When I realized that unexpected problems are expected, and a manager’s job is to have visibility and enable a team to operate at optimal velocity, I was able to improve on this.
第二個錯誤是沒有在必要的時候尋求幫助。正打算執行的一項功能的時候，我發現了一個漏洞，並深陷其中。要找出導致漏洞的根本原因，無異於自找麻煩——突然之間，相關問題開始不斷出現。我沒有恰當地提升這些問題的嚴重性以提高其可見性，並由此獲得更多資源或尋求幫助，而是一遍遍地試圖找出解決方案，結果徒勞無功。我當時的上司表示，初級開發人員最常犯的錯誤，是會“消失”很長一段時間，忙於自己的項目，等到項目完成之後纔會再次出現。當我意識到應該料想到意外問題總會出現，管理者的職責就是發現問題，使整個團隊按最佳速度運行，我在這方面得到了提升。

Answer by Jason Ewing
賈森•尤因的回答

Be more loyal to your company than the company is to you. I’ve managed too many teams that have entry level employees and I see this too often. You like your first company, they gave you your first real shot! You should be loyal, right?
你對公司的忠誠度要高於公司對你的忠誠度。我管理過許多有初級員工的團隊，見過太多這樣的情況。你喜歡自己的第一家公司，它也給了你第一次真正的機會！你應該對它忠誠，不是嗎？

Wrong. People stay in an entry level position for too long believing their employer will “take care of them” if they just work hard enough, stick around long enough….
這是錯誤的觀點。有些人停留在入門級崗位太長時間，因爲他們認爲，只要他們努力工作，堅持的時間足夠長，他們的僱主就會“照顧他們”……

Over time, this grinds a person down. I love that people believe that if you just work hard and do well your talents will be recognized and you’ll be promoted, but the truth is this isn’t always the way things work. Companies both large and small have to have a position to promote you to, a budget to pay you more, etc etc….
隨着時間的推移，這種想法會壓垮一個人。我也希望人們都相信，只要努力做好工作，你的才能就會得到認可，你就會平步青雲，但真實情況是，付出的努力不見得一定能得到回報。不論大公司還是小公司，必須有職位空缺才能給員工升職，或者有預算才能給員工加薪。

Once you’ve been at your first job for a bit, begin engaging your manager about what your options are for developing your career. If you start to get the sense that no one ever gets promoted, or that options for advancement are limited, then change gears: Learn what you can where you are and take that experience somewhere else.
從事第一份工作一段時間之後，要開始向上司請教自己的職業發展有哪些選擇。如果你感覺沒有人會得到升職，或者提升的選擇有限，不妨改變方法：在這裏儘可能學習新知識，然後帶着自己的經驗另謀高就。

Answer by Carson Tang
卡爾森•唐的回答

Ignore the bad habits of your older colleagues - Your colleague who has been working for at least 10 years might be late to meetings often, but that does not imply that it is acceptable to be late. When an older colleague is late, your manager might cut her more slack because she has proven herself to be helpful and employable whereas if you are late, you simply look irresponsible and unemployable.
避免老員工的壞習慣——在公司工作了至少十年的同事，可能經常開會遲到，但這並不意味着遲到是可以接受的。如果有老員工遲到，你的上司可能會放她一馬，因爲她證明自己對公司有幫助，符合僱主的要求。但如果你遲到，只會讓你看起來不負責任，並被列入不宜僱傭的員工之列。

Seek guidance and help proactively - In school, your professors and teaching assistants often provide hints and guidance on homework and lab assignments without you prompting them. At work, everyone is busy with his or her own tasks, so do not be surprised if no one offers help. It is not necessarily that they are unfriendly and selfish so much as they are just plain busy. The ones that offer unsolicited help are generally friendly people, so those are the ones with whom you want to be on extra good terms.
主動尋求指導和幫助——在學校裏，即便你沒有主動提出，你的教授和助教也會經常爲你的家庭作業和實驗室任務提供提示和指導。但在工作中，所有人都忙於自己的任務，所以，如果沒有人主動提供幫助，不要感到驚訝。這並不意味着他們不友好或者自私，只是因爲他們非常繁忙。主動向你提供幫助的人，往往都非常友好，所以有必要與他們搞好關係。Be the expert of your assigned task - Even if you are assigned a menial task like fixing minor bugs, swallow your pride, fix those bugs, and understand how you fixed them. If you are assigned a major task, the same underlying principles apply. In software engineering, you are the expert of the part of the codebase you modified and extended, so if your colleagues have questions, they expect you to have the answers. Being the expert achieves two goals. First, your colleagues will think of you as a responsible person, and second, your manager will eventually notice and assign you more meaningful tasks or place you on more challenging and more impactful projects.
對分配給自己的任務，要做到精益求精——即便你被安排了一項沒有意義的工作，比如修補較小的漏洞，也要放下自己的驕傲，完成任務，並弄清楚如何修補。如果你被安排負責一項重大任務，也要遵循同樣的原則。在軟件工程領域，對於由你修改和擴展的那部分代碼庫，你是專家，因此，如果你的同事遇到問題，他們會希望由你來提供答案。成爲專家可以實現兩個目的。首先，同事會認爲你是一個負責任的人，其次，你的上司最終會注意到你，並給你安排更有意義的工作，或者讓你參與更具挑戰性、更有影響力的項目。

Be on good terms with everyone - In school, if you disliked someone, you could ignore him. At work, if you dislike a colleague, you cannot simply ignore him because you will be working together. Instead, be friendly and cordial. If that person is at all a professional, even if he dislikes you personally, he will respect you professionally.
與所有人搞好關係——在校園裏，如果你不喜歡某個人，可以對他不理不睬。但在工作中，如果你不喜歡一位同事，不能簡單地對他視而不見，因爲你們要在一起工作。相反，要做到友好真誠。如果對方是專業人士，即便他個人不喜歡你，也會在職業上尊重你。

Value quality over quantity - If you can, try to work as quickly as possible, but do not sacrifice the quality of your work for the sake of more output. Your manager and colleagues will remember negatively the time you broke the software build with a code check-in, even if it was delivered a week ahead of time. However, they will remember fondly the success and quality of your polished and completed project, even if it took an extra week to wrap up.
重質量，輕數量——如果可以的話，儘可能快地完成工作，但不能爲了更多產出而犧牲工作的質量。如果你用代碼校驗破壞了軟件構造，即便提前一週交付，也會給上司和同事留下負面印象。相反，如果由你改進和完成的項目取得成功，並且保證了質量，即便多花了一週時間，也會給其他人留下積極印象。

Answer by Patrick Mathieson, VC Associate at Toba Capital
多巴資本（Toba Capital）風險投資合夥人帕特里克•馬西森的回答

Believing that your first job is highly deterministic of the rest of your career.
相信第一份工作將在很大程度上決定你今後的職業生涯。

I remember being an undergrad and being surrounded by people absolutely pining over particular choice jobs. The prevailing attitude seemed to be that getting the Goldman Sachs GS gig would catapult them onto a trajectory of success that would last for their entire careers.
我記得在大學期間，周圍的人都在憧憬着心儀的工作。當時流行的觀點是，只要得到高盛（Goldman Sachs ）的臨時工作，就等於坐上了成功的列車，意味着整個職業生涯都將取得成功。

Now that it’s been four years since my graduation, I’ve seen most of my friends change employers at least once, and many (including myself) have also switched industries. While some people loved their first jobs, some quickly found out that another occupation was more to their liking.
如今，在畢業四年之後，我看到大多數朋友至少更換過一次僱主，許多人（包括我在內）甚至更換了行業。雖然許多人熱愛自己的第一份工作，但有人很快便發現，自己更喜歡另外一個職業。

Picking a job or employer is important, no doubt. And certain jobs can lead to relationships that DO determine the rest of your career. But to assume that your first job will inexorably lead to one particular brand of career or lifestyle, or that changing your mind or making a mistake in job selection is catastrophic, is the wrong attitude.
毫無疑問，選擇工作或僱主非常重要。某些工作會積累一定的人脈，這確實會決定以後的職業發展。但認爲自己的第一份工作會不可阻擋地帶來特定的職業品牌或生活方式，或者認爲在選擇工作時改變主意或犯錯將是災難性的，都是錯誤的觀點。

Often our first jobs are most useful in teaching us what we DON’T want to do for a living.
我們的第一份工作最大的用處，往往是讓我們知道，自己不希望從事什麼樣的工作來謀生。

Answer by Jeff Rogers, Director of Engineering at Angie’s List
消費者點評網Angie’s List工程部總監傑夫•羅傑斯的回答

In some pockets, especially tech, it’s ok (and weirdly prideful) to ignore emails, blow off meetings, etc…
在某些行業，尤其是在科技行業，忽視電子郵件，推掉會議等，是可以接受的（甚至有人會引以爲豪）……

But you’re not the next Internet billionaire yet. Someone took the time to write you an email. You should extend them the courtesy of replying as quickly as you can. Or, you know, walking over and talking to them (if possible). If you don’t know the answer, or need more time, just say so. Don’t let it sit in your inbox for days/weeks. I impose a “24-hour” rule on my own mailbox.
但你還不是下一個互聯網億萬富翁。有人花了時間給你寫電子郵件。你應該儘快回覆，這是禮節問題。或者，你可以直接走過去與他們面對面交流（如果可行的話）。如果你不知道答案，或者需要更多時間，直接告訴對方。不要讓郵件躺在你的收件箱裏數天/數週。我給自己的郵箱設置了“24”小時規則。

Show up to meetings on time. Someone thought your opinion on a topic might be interesting, so you should take that as a compliment. You owe it to them to attend and pay attention. Don’t stare at your phone or laptop, unless necessary. Sometimes things pop up that require your focus to shift to an urgent issue. If that happens, apologize or excuse yourself.
參加會議要準時。有人認爲你對某個話題的觀點很有趣，你應該將此作爲褒獎。爲了感謝他們，你理應出席會議並且保持專注。不要盯着自己的手機或筆記本電腦，除非確實有必要。有時候，確實會突然發生某些事情，需要你將注意力轉移到緊急問題上。此時，要表示歉意或請求離開。

“I don’t know” is a perfectly fine answer. (As long as “…but I will find out” quickly follows.)
“我不知道”是非常好的答案。（但後面應該緊跟着“……但我會找到答案”。）

This question originally appeared on Quora: What’s the most common mistakes new graduates make in their first job?
原問題見問答網站Quora：應屆畢業生在第一份工作中最常犯哪些錯誤？