最容易被人工智能取代的10種職業，今年找工作別入坑了

Advances in automation and robotics are putting a lot of jobs at risk. Here are ten jobs first in line for the robot takeover.

自動化和機器人技術的進步使許多工作面臨被取代的風險，下面的10種崗位是最危險的。

The job market is a battlefield, and it's about to get a lot worse. In addition to competing against other skilled job-seekers for work, you'll soon be pitted against robots as well.

就業市場是戰場，未來的競爭將會更爲激烈。除了與其他有技能的求職者競爭工作之外，你很快也會被機器人打敗。

Robots have been working alongside human employees in industries such as manufacturing for a long time, helping accomplish tasks quicker or more efficiently. But, as the fields of cognitive computing and artificial intelligence continue to grow, we will see many more industries -- from the food industry to customer service -- affected by automation.

機器人已經在製造業等行業與人類僱員一起工作了很長一段時間，有助於更快或更高效地完成任務。但是，隨着認知計算和人工智能領域的不斷髮展，我們將看到更多的行業——從食品行業到客戶服務——受到自動化的影響。

Here are 10 jobs that will be at the top of the list.

以下是最容易被機器人取代的10種職業。

The conversation about automation upending the manufacturing industry has been happening for decades, and it still hasn't come to fruition. Tech, factories, and jobs have had a tricky relationship since the Industrial Revolution. Robotic technology has been used in manufacturing for decades -- especially at major operations like Ford and Toyota -- and the technology continues to advance. But there are still some hurdles in regards to fine motor skills and decision making that need to be overcome before the robots will be able to work on their own in manufacturing. Even the best robots still require humans to closely observe and orchestrate their work.

幾十年前就有言論稱自動化將會取代製造業，但這一言論至今還未成現實。自工業革命以來，科技、工廠和工作之間的關係一直很微妙。幾十年來，機器人技術一直被用於製造業，尤其是在福特和豐田等大型企業，而且這種技術還在繼續發展。但是，在機器人能夠在製造領域獨立工作之前，還需要克服一些障礙。即使是最好的機器人，也需要人類仔細觀察和編排它們的工作。

Many jobs require an employee in the field to physically visit a work site or piece of machinery and check on the operations. New advances in the Internet of Things could render this work obsolete.

許多工作要求員工去實地考察工作地點或機器，並檢查操作流程。物聯網的新發展可能會取代這份工作。

Low-cost sensors combined with high availability cellular/satellite communications and cloud technology are being implemented to automate and alarm these sites, and can be checked and maintained from a desktop or mobile device.

低成本的傳感器結合可用性高的蜂窩/衛星通信和雲技術正在實現站點自動化、安裝警報系統，並且可以通過桌面或移動設備進行檢查和維護。

At this point, most people are familiar with automated customer service lines and telemarketing. Using natural-language processing, automated call lines are able to better understand what customers are saying and direct them to the proper resource. There's usually still an option to be routed to a 'real person', but even that could be eliminated in the next few years.

在這一點上，大多數人都熟悉自動化的客戶服務電話和電話營銷。使用自然語言處理、自動接聽電話線能夠更好地理解客戶所說的內容，並正確引導客戶。通常還有一個選項可以選擇 “真人”接聽，但這個崗位在未來幾年內也會被淘汰。

Additionally, automation could lead to fewer calls to helplines in general, at least on the customer service side of things. Smart systems, remotely monitored by sensors, could help with product maintenance and ward off potential problems.

此外，自動化可能會導致對求助熱線的電話減少，至少在客戶服務方面是如此。智能系統由傳感器遠程監控，可以幫助進行產品維護和防止潛在問題的出現。

Sorting takes a trained eye and sorters typically work in a factory, pulling damaged or imperfect products from a batch as it moves along a conveyor belt. Automated inspection technology is growing to match the human output for this job.

分類需要經過訓練的眼睛和分類人員，通常是在工廠裏從傳送帶中取出受損或不完美的產品。自動化檢測技術不斷髮展，與人類的產出相匹配。

Right now it's common for people to be manually sorting and inspecting every single item -- a seat belt bolt, for example. Vision inspection cameras used to cost $30,000, now they cost $1000, and vision inspection systems are fast, efficient and highly accurate.

現在，人們通常會對每一件物品進行手工分類和檢查——例如，安全帶螺栓。視覺檢查相機曾經的花費高達3萬美元，現在只需1000美元，視覺檢查系統快速、高效、高度準確。

Data is moving to the forefront of important assets in almost every industry. Because of this, accurate data input is essential. Changes in the way data is collected and processed could lead to faster and more fully automated data entry.

在幾乎所有行業裏，數據都走在重要資產的前列。因此，準確的數據輸入是必不可少的。收集和處理數據方式的變化會使得自動數據輸入更快更全面。

For example, data from a driver's time on the road and time on the site could be captured by an on-board sensor, combined with GPS data, and automatically fed into the backend system. That data could then be automatically compared against daily goals and plans, and processed on behalf of that driver. The data entry is more efficient and happens faster as a result.

例如，司機在路上和地點上的數據可以被機載傳感器捕獲，並與GPS數據結合，並自動送入後端系統。然後，這些數據可以自動與日常目標和計劃進行比較，並代表該驅動程序進行處理。這樣一來，數據輸入的效率更高，取得結果的速度也更快。

While lots of data -- especially historical data -- still needs to be digitized, and there will be work available to scan much of this data in the short term, the long-term need for data entry will be reduced.

但是還有許多數據——尤其是歷史數據——仍然需要人工數字化，短期內還會有大量數據需要掃描，因此對人工數據輸入工作人員的需求將會慢慢減少。

Whenever you apply for insurance through a broker or agent, your application has to be vetted to determine if the risk is worth accepting for the insurance company. The work is performed by underwriters. They review the application and decide whether or not they'll provide insurance, and how much they'll offer.

當你通過經紀人或代理人申請保險時，你的申請必須經過審查，以確定風險是否值得保險公司接受。這項工作由承保人執行。他們審查你的申請並決定是否提供保險，以及將提供的保險數額。

The role of insurance underwriter is at risk for automation because applications can be standardized and most organizations have set rules by which they determine eligibility. Machine learning can help computer systems learn these rules and apply them to the applications they receive.

保險承保人面臨着被自動化取代的風險，因爲應用程序可以標準化，而且大多數公司都制定了確定資格的規則。機器學習可以幫助計算機系統學習這些規則，並將它們應用到申請審查中。

Many people know the feeling of sitting across from a tax preparer as you try to figure out how much money you owe, or what you'll be getting back when taxes are due.

許多人都僱傭了報稅員，他們幫你弄清楚你欠了多少錢或者你會在繳稅時得到什麼。

But, what if you simply fed your W-2 into an ATM-like machine, answered a few questions, and it automatically filed your taxes for you? Aside from a few overly complicated tax code issues, most workers will be likely be able to file their taxes without the assistance of another human. Tax forms are standardized and machines will be able to read the info and ask you a few questions to process your paperwork. We've seen this happening with software like TurboTax for years.

但是，如果你只是簡單地把你的W-2放進一個類似自動取款機的機器裏，回答幾個問題，它就會自動爲你歸檔稅收報表，你還會選擇人工報稅員嗎?除了一些過於複雜的稅法問題之外，大多數人在沒有其他人幫助的情況下，很有可能會自己提交稅收。稅務表格是標準化的，機器將能夠閱讀信息，並問你幾個問題來處理你的文書工作。比如，近年來已經出現了像TurboTax這樣的軟件。

Of course, the tax code is complicated and where there are problems, ambiguities, and irregularities, there will still be the need for human beings with deep knowledge who can do far more than just fill out the right forms.

當然，稅法是複雜的，有問題、含糊不清和不規範的地方，仍然需要有深入知識的人，他們能做的遠遠不止填好正確的表格。

Intuition says that making a sale requires a human touch. But, e-commerce is changing how we make purchasing decisions, especially those where there isn't much differentiation among the major competitors.

直覺告訴我們，做銷售需要人與人的交流。但是，電子商務正在改變我們的購買決定，特別是那些在主要競爭對手之間沒有太多差別的領域。

"If you're selling a high-differentiation product and/or a high-price, low-volume product you have some job security, but if you're selling a high-volume, low-differentiation product, you better start polishing your resume," said Doug Camplejohn, CEO of Fliptop. "These kind of product sales are all moving online."

Fliptop的首席執行官Doug Camplejohn說:“如果你正在銷售特殊產品或高價格、低產量的產品，人工智能對你的威脅並不大，但如果你銷售的是一種高產出的普通產品，你最好開始潤色你的簡歷。”“這些產品的銷售都可以在網上進行。

Image recognition software and voice recognition software are bringing some major advances to language translation. Applications like Google's Word Lens can translate words from signs and documents in real time and there are a plethora of translation apps that allow you to type in a word or phrase and will translate it for you. Some will even speak the phrase for you. Granted, there are still cultural cues this technology misses, but raw word-to-word translation will be fully automated soon.

圖像識別軟件和語音識別軟件爲語言翻譯帶來了一些重要的進展。像谷歌的Word Lens這樣的應用程序可以實時地從標誌和文檔中翻譯單詞，還有大量的翻譯應用程序可以根據輸入的一個單詞或短語提供翻譯服務。有的程序還可以讀出單詞和短語。當然，這種技術仍然存在一些文化上的理解困難，但是原始的逐字翻譯將很快被自動化完全取代。

So, if you're not translating high-dollar business negotiations or matters of national security, then you may find that algorithms will be good enough to handle most other translation duties.

因此，如果你所從事的並非高薪的商務談判或國家安全問題翻譯工作，那麼你的工作就會被性能優良的工具取代。

Automated ordering kiosks have already made their way into a few McDonald's restaurants around the world, and cooking positions could be eliminated next. The kiosks probably can't handle customer service issues well, but televideo systems could bring in an office employee to facilitate complaints.

世界各地的一些麥當勞餐廳已經啓用了自動訂購系統，接下來可能會研發自動烹飪機器。自助服務系統可能不能很好地處理客服問題，但是可視系統可以讓辦公室職員來處理投訴。

Automation will affect parts of casual dining restaurants as well, as tableside tablet ordering systems have already arrived at restaurants like Chili's and others.

自動化也會影響到休閒餐廳，因爲桌面平板電腦訂購系統已經佔領了Chili's等餐廳。