獨立主格與獨立成分的異同（二）

有些分詞短語的形式是固定的，不受上下文影響，可以獨立存在，因此被稱爲獨立成分。它並不表示句子主語的動作，而是表示說話人的態度，它在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，作爲習慣用法或固定短語，用來修飾整個句子。
這些短語有：Generally speaking (總的說來)，Frankly/properly speaking (坦率/恰當地說)，Judging from/by (從……判斷)，Supposing (假設)，taking… into consideration(考慮到)等等。
① Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.
② 總的說來，這條規則很容易懂。
Generally speaking, the novel is not very interesting.
總的來說，這本小說不是很有趣。
③ Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.
總的來說，女生比男生更謹慎。
④ Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
說到旅遊，你去過北京嗎？
④Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所說的來判斷，他一定是一個誠實的人。
⑤Judging from her face, she must be ill.
從她的臉色看，她一定生病了。
⑤ Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
⑥ 從她上封信看,他們過的非常快。
⑦Taking everything into consideration, you should leave.
考慮各種因素，你最好離開。
例題:
____, he seems to be very nervous.
A. Judge from appearance B. Judges from appearance
C. Judged from appearance D. Judging from appearance
（答案解析：答案是D。Judging from…從什麼中判斷，是一個固定短語。整句話的意思是：從他的外表來看，他似乎很緊張。）