世衛組織總幹事陳馮富珍博士關於寨卡病毒情況的通報

Briefing to Executive Board on Zika Situation
有關寨卡病毒情況向執行委員會的通報

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization
世衛組織總幹事 陳馮富珍博士

Geneva, Switzerland
瑞士日內瓦

28 January 2016
2016年1月28日

Distinguished members of the Board, representatives of Member States, ladies and gentlemen,
尊敬的委員會委員、各位會員國代表、女士們、先生們：

Welcome to this briefing on the Zika situation. I will give you a brief history of this disease and explain why WHO is so deeply concerned.
歡迎前來參加寨卡病毒情況通報會。我將概述一下此病的歷史由來，解釋爲什麼世衛組織要給予如此深切的關注。

The Zika virus was first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the Zika forest of Uganda. Its historical home has been in a narrow equatorial belt stretching across Africa and into equatorial Asia.
寨卡病毒最初是1947年從烏干達的寨卡森林的猴子身上分離出來的。它的歷史家園始終位於從非洲伸展到亞洲赤道地區的一個狹窄的赤道帶。

For decades, the disease, transmitted by the Aedes genus of mosquito, slumbered, affecting mainly monkeys. In humans, Zika occasionally caused a mild disease of low concern.
幾十年來，寨卡病經由伊蚊屬蚊蟲傳播，悄無聲息，主要感染猴子。在人身上，寨卡病毒有時會引起人們很少關注的輕微疾病。

In 2007, Zika expanded its geographical range to cause the first documented outbreak in the Pacific islands, in the Federated States of Micronesia. From 2013-2014, 4 additional Pacific island nations documented large Zika outbreaks.
2007年，寨卡病毒擴展了其地理分佈，在大平洋島嶼、密克羅尼西亞導致了第一次有案可查的疫情。2013-2014年，太平洋島嶼國家又記錄了四次新的大規模寨卡病毒疫情。

In French Polynesia, the Zika outbreak was associated with neurological complications at a time when the virus was co-circulating with dengue. That was a unique feature, but difficult to interpret.
在法屬波利尼西亞，在寨卡病毒隨登革熱傳播時，會伴隨發生神經併發症。這是個很獨特的特點，難以作出解釋。

The situation today is dramatically different. Last year, the virus was detected in the Americas, where it is now spreading explosively. As of today, cases have been reported in 23 countries and territories in the region.
當前的情況全然不同。去年，在美洲發現了寨卡病毒，目前呈暴發性傳播。截至今天，該區域已經有23個國家和領土報告了病例。

The level of alarm is extremely high.
警戒級別極高。

Arrival of the virus in some places has been associated with a steep increase in the birth of babies with abnormally small heads and in cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome.
在一些地方，伴隨病毒而來的，是新生畸形小頭嬰兒，以及吉蘭–巴雷綜合徵病例激增。

A causal relationship between Zika virus infection and birth malformations and neurological syndromes has not yet been established, but is strongly suspected.
寨卡病毒感染與出生缺陷和神經併發症之間的因果關係尚未得到確認，但人們高度懷疑這一點。

The possible links, only recently suspected, have rapidly changed the risk profile of Zika, from a mild threat to one of alarming proportions. The increased incidence of microcephaly is particularly alarming, as it places a heart-breaking burden on families and communities.
二者之間的聯繫，僅在最近才受到懷疑，隨即使寨卡病從輕微威脅迅速改變成爲一種駭人的風險。小頭症發病率日增，尤其令人震驚，因爲它給家庭和社區帶來了令人心碎的負擔。

WHO is deeply concerned about this rapidly evolving situation for 4 main reasons:
世衛組織出於四個理由，深爲關注這一迅速變化的情況：

The possible association of infection with birth malformations and neurological syndromes;
感染與出生缺陷和神經綜合徵的可能聯繫；

The potential for further international spread given the wide geographical distribution of the mosquito vector;
鑑於蚊蟲媒介的廣泛地理分佈，可能進一步出現國際傳播；

The lack of population immunity in newly affected areas
在新近疫情地區，人羣免疫力欠缺；

The absence of vaccines, specific treatments, and rapid diagnostic tests.
缺少疫苗、特效治療手段和快速診斷檢測方法。

Moreover, conditions associated with this year’s El Nino weather pattern are expected to increase mosquito populations greatly in many areas.
此外，隨着今年的厄爾尼諾氣候模式，種種條件可能導致許多地區蚊蟲激增。

The level of concern is high, as is the level of uncertainty. Questions abound. We need to get some answers quickly.
我們高度關切，而不確定性的程度也很高。問題很多。我們需要迅速找出一些答案。

For all these reasons, I have decided to convene an Emergency Committee under the International Health Regulations. The Committee will meet in Geneva on Monday, 1 February.
出於所有這些理由，我決定根據《國際衛生條例》召集突發事件委員會。該委員會將於2月1日星期一在日內瓦舉行會議。

I am asking the Committee for advice on the appropriate level of international concern and for recommended measures that should be undertaken in affected countries and elsewhere. I will also ask the Committee to prioritize areas where research is most urgently needed.
我請委員會就國際關切的適當程度表明意見，並就應在受影響國家和其它地方採取哪些措施提出建議。我還請委員會劃定須作爲當務之急的研究領域。

Decisions concerning the Committee’s advice to me will be made public on our web site.
關於委員會向我提出的建議的決定，將在我們的網站上公佈。

Thank you.
謝謝大家！