2020年1月19日GRE閱讀機經權威彙總應對長閱讀難題要這麼做
GRE閱讀考試不僅需要考生本身具備熟練的解題技巧和對長難句的應對能力，提升閱讀速度也是重要環節。而這一點恰恰是不少速成派考生所欠缺的。不過閱讀速度提不上來也有補救辦法那就是看小編新發布的2020年1月19日考前精準預測長閱讀機經!
2020年1月19日GRE閱讀機經權威彙總 應對長閱讀難題要這麼做
長篇閱讀
In 1995 the Galileo spacecraft captured data about Jupiter's atmosphere--namely, the absence of most of the predicted atmospheric water--that challenged prevailing theories about Jupiter's structure. The unexpectedness of this finding fits a larger pattern in which theories about planetary composition and dynamics have failed to predict the realities discovered through space exploration. Instead of "normal planets" whose composition could be predicted by theory, the planets populating our solar system are unique individuals whose chemical and tectonic identities were created through numerous contingent events. One implication of this is that although the universe undoubtedly holds other planetary systems, the duplication of the sequence that produced our solar system and the development of life on Earth is highly unlikely.
Recently planetary scientists have suggested that the external preconditions for the development of Earth's biosphere probably included four paramount contingencies. First, a climate conducive to life on Earth depends upon the extraordinarily narrow orbital parameters that define a continuously habitable zone where water can exist in a liquid state. If Earth's orbit were only 5 percent smaller than it is, temperatures during the early stages of Earth's history would have been high enough to vaporize the oceans. If the Earth-Sun distance were as little as 1 percent larger, run away glaciations on Earth about 2 billion years ago would have caused the oceans to freeze and remain frozen to this day.
Second, Jupiter's enormous mass prevents most Sun-bound comets from penetrating the inner solar system. It has been estimated that without this shield, Earth would have experienced bombardment by comet-sized impactors a thousand times more frequently than has actually been recorded during geological time. Even if Earth's surface were not actually sterilized by this bombardment, it is unlikely that any but the most primitive life-forms could have survived. This suggests that only planetary systems containing both terrestrial planets like Earth and gas giants like Jupiter might be capable of sustaining complex life-forms.
Third, the gravitational shield of the giant outer planets, while highly efficient, must occasionally fail to protect Earth. Paradoxically, while the temperatures required for liquid water exist only in the inner solar system, the key building blocks of life, including water itself, occur primarily beyond the asteroid belt. Thus the evolution of life has depended on a frequency of cometary impacts sufficient to convey water, as well as carbon and nitrogen, from these distant regions of the solar system to Earth while stopping short of an impact magnitude that would destroy the atmosphere and oceans.
Finally, Earth's unique and massive satellite, the Moon, plays a crucial role in stabilizing the obliquity of Earth's rotational axis. This obliquity creates the terrestrial seasonality so important to the evolution and diversity of life. Mars, in contrast, has wildly oscillating tilt and chaotic seasonality, while Venus, rotating slowly backward, has virtually no seasonality at all.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
A. Enumerating conditions that may have been necessary for a particular development
B. Outlining the conditions under which scientists may be able to predict certain events
C. Explaining how a particular finding affected scientists ' understanding of a phenomenon
D. Suggesting reasons why a particular outcome was more likely to occur than other possible outcomes
E. Assessing the relative significance of factors that contributed to a particular occurrence
答案：C
解析：
根據文章第一段內容，可知推出了一個finding，後面都是具體介紹這個發現的，所以圍繞的中心是C。
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the "planetary scientists" would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements concerning the development of complex life forms on Earth?
A. It might have occurred earlier in Earth's history if cometary impacts had been less frequent than they were.
B. It could have occurred if Earth's orbit were 1 percent larger than it is but not if Earth's orbit were 5 percent smaller.
C. It probably follows a pattern common on other terrestrial planets that occupy planetary systems containing gas giants.
D. Its dependence on the effect that Jupiter's gravitational shield has on Earth was difficult to recognize prior to 1995.
E. It has been contingent on conditions elsewhere in Earth's solar system as well as on conditions on Earth itself.
答案：E
解析：
題幹問planetary scientists 最有可能同意哪個觀點，而且是與the development of complex life forms on Earth有關，定位至第二段開頭處開始閱讀，運用排除法得出答案。
3. The author of the passage most likely mentions Mars' "oscillating tilt" primarily in order to
A. Provide evidence for a proposition about the potential effects of cometary impacts
B. Emphasize the absence from our solar system of "normal planets"
C. Contrast the rotational axis of Mars with that of Venus
D. Characterize the role of other planets in the solar system in earth's development
E. Emphasize the importance of the Moon to the development of life on Earth
答案：C
解析：
題幹問爲何提及Mars會震盪傾斜，定位至最後一段會發現後文提及了Venus與Mars是相反的，因此答案選C。
GRE邏輯機經提分先看 調整邏輯思路刷機經更有效
邏輯閱讀
Upon maturity, monarch butterflies travel hundreds of miles from their places of origin and lay their eggs on milkweed. The caterpillars that emerge feed on milkweed and absorb the glycosides in milkweed sap. The specific glycosides present in milkweed differ from region to region within the monarch butterfly’s range. Mature butterflies retain the glycosides in a mature monarch butterfly could be used to determine its place of origin.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Mature monarch butterflies do not feed on parts of milkweed that contain glycosides.
B. The glycosides in milkweed sap are slightly toxic to caterpillars of other species.
C. The vast majority of the monarch butterflies that are laying eggs in a given region will have traveled there from a single region.
D. There are substances other than glycosides in milkweed sap that accumulate in a monarch caterpillar and are retained in the body of the mature butterfly.
E. There are certain glycosides that are found in the sap of all milkweeds, no matter where they grow within the monarch butterfly’s range.
答案：C
只有C選項是加強了上文的論點。A削弱 B無關 D削弱 E削弱
GRE閱讀機經整理 短閱讀提升正確率看過來
短篇閱讀
Biologists have long debated about whether egg production in birds is biologically highly costly, some theorizing that egg production is energetically or nutritionally demanding. Lack, however, suggested that clutch size--the number of eggs a bird lays per breeding cycle-- is far below the potential limit of egg production. He suggested that clutch size had instead evolved in relation to the number of young that the parents could successfully rear. Subsequently, most studies focused on limitations operating during chick rearing, particularly among altricial species (species in which the parents feed their young in the nest). Lack later recognized that in precocial species (species in which young feed themselves), clutch size might be explained by different factors -- the availability of food for egg-laying females, for example.
1. The passage suggests that biologists who say egg production in birds is biologically highly costly would agree that clutch size is determined primarily by
A. The nutritional and energy demands of egg production.
B. The number of young that the parents can rear successfully.
C. Reproductive limitations operating during chick rearing.
D. The availability of food for newly hatched chicks.
E. The differences between altricial and precocial species.
參考答案：A. 參考第一句話。
2. Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
The passage suggests that Lack would agree with which of the following statements about factors affecting clutch size in birds?
A. In altricial species, clutch size is determined primarily by factors operating after eggs are laid.
B. In precocial species, clutch size is determined primarily by factors operating after eggs are laid.
C. In many bird species, clutch size generally remains well below the potential limit of egg production.
參考答案： A C.
參考第二句話，與選項C對應。第四句與A對應。
GRE閱讀長難句解答對策分享 分析思路找到答案3個步驟講解
新GRE閱讀長難句例題
Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned---that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。
新GRE閱讀長難句解析
初步讀完這句話我們發現這個句子的難句類型是：複雜修飾+插入語+抽象詞，其中插入語是理解這個句子的關鍵。
(1)Islamic law (2)is a (3)phenomenon (4)so different from all other forms of law---notwithstanding, of course,(5)(it has) (6)a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them /(7)as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned/---(8)that its study is indispensable (9)in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。
對句子標記後我們可以逐一分析各個成分：
Step1：找主謂
1. 不難發現整個句子的主語就是Islamic law，即伊斯蘭法
2. is爲整個句子的謂語
3. phenomenon作爲整個句子的賓語
從1、2、3我們可以分析出：
1+2+3=句子的主幹：伊斯蘭的法律是一個法律現象：Islamic law is a phenomenon
Step2：分析句子中的插入語
4. 我們需要注意的是notwithstanding這個詞，句子中的插入語之所以比較難懂的主要一個原因在於對notwithstanding的理解，notwithstanding作爲介詞，相當於in spite of(不管，不顧，儘管)，這對於大多數考生來說是陌生的。
5. 這裏加上省略的it has使得句子更加清楚易懂
6. 這一部分是對主語Islamic law的解釋說明，即“伊斯蘭法與其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之處。
7. as far as表示“至於，就.。.而言”
8. 整句話中貫穿了句型
9. in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena。這句話中包含一個倒裝，正常語序的appreciate the full range of possible legal phenomena adequately中的副詞adequately被提到appreciate的賓語之前。
Step3：對整句話有個大概的中文翻譯的印象
譯文：
伊斯蘭法是一個與其他所有形式的法律都如此之不同的法律現象---儘管，當然，/從其涉及的內容和實際實施的角度來看/，伊斯蘭法與其他的某些法律存在着大量的和必然的一致之處---以至於對於它的研究是不可缺少的，這樣才能充分地理解所有可能的法律現象的全部範圍。
新GRE閱讀長難句結
從分析結果來看插入語的內容對理解文章基本沒有什麼作用，其實這句話中的插入語根本不用讀，也可以根據插入語前後的內容猜出其意思：插入語前後的內容是伊斯蘭法與其他法律不同，插入部分以notwithstanding開頭，又有of course，可見插入部分一定是讓步語氣，因此可以對前後的內容取非，猜出插入部分一定是在說伊斯蘭法與其他法律有相同之處。所以，如果遇到很長的插入語最好跳過，看懂前後的內容再回頭來看插入語。
2020年1月19日GRE閱讀機經權威彙總 應對長閱讀難題要這麼做
