（雙語）國際人權事業需平等交流

國際人權事業需平等交流

Global Human Rights Development Demands Equal Exchanges

鐘聲

Zhong Sheng

今年12月10日是第六十八個世界人權日，提醒人們深入觀察國際人權事業發展。實現人民充分享有人權是人類社會的共同奮鬥目標。爲了這一共同目標，加強不同文明交流互鑑、促進各國人權交流合作，形成健康有效的全球人權治理格局，能夠有利於實現國際人權事業更好發展。

December 10 marks the 68th International Human Rights Day, a day that reminds us to respect the course of human rights undertakings.

Mankind shares a common goal to enjoy human rights. To realize this objective, the world should boost exchanges of diversified civilizations, bolster collaboration on human rights and build a healthy and effective governance system, so that international human rights undertakings can progress in a smooth way.

值得深思的是，當下的國際人權交流還遠遠不是其應有的樣貌。特別是西方一些人，根本沒有把全球近8億人每天面臨飢餓威脅的“人權困境”放在眼裏，根本沒有把難民危機、恐怖主義、排外情緒、種族主義等問題的人權屬性當回事。他們自詡爲“人權教師爺”，在國際關係領域玩弄人權政治，奉行雙重標準，頻頻借人權問題干涉別國內政。

Meanwhile, current international exchanges on human rights are far from ideal. Some Westerners, in particular, have turned a blind eye to the 800 million people who are still suffering from hunger around the globe, and have not paid serious attention to the issues of refugee crisis, terrorism, xenophobia and racism. But all these predicaments come down to human rights challenges.

They, though dubbing themselves as “lecturers in human rights,” in fact resort to it as a tool to play politics, adopt double standards and interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries by using human rights as an excuse.

西方國家的人權話語壟斷是完全經不起推敲的。著名學者佩裏·安德森不久前指出：“（當前國際）人權話語宛如19世紀‘文明標準’的當代翻版。”19世紀末，歐洲國際法學家明確以歐洲“文明”來衡量世界各國，將各國劃分爲“文明”“野蠻”和“矇昧”等類別。儘管歷史已經證明這種文明觀的荒謬與非正義，但時至今天，西方一些人還是沒有弄明白，他們的人權“等級觀”和“優越感”，本身就是落後和矇昧。

The West has no grounds to monopolize the rights of speech in terms of human rights. Scholar Perry Anderson said in a recent commentary that the human rights discourse in today’s world is a contemporary version of the “civilization standards” of the 19th century.

Back at the end of the 19th century, European jurists pigeonholed countries as “civilized,” “barbaric” and “savage” by comparing them with a “European standard,” but history has proven that such logic is absurd and unjust.

However, some Westerners, up to now, failed to realize that their so-called “superiority” and “classification” are the best evidence of their barbarism.

西方把自己想象爲“人權標準化身”，卻經不起事實檢驗。僅在過去這一年，西方國家內部各領域頻發的深層次問題，就大大暴露了人權短板。種族衝突、槍支氾濫問題繼續撕扯美國民意，難民危機拷問歐洲良心，社會價值失範、貧富不均等問題加劇，“選票民主”的體制性弊端在一場場公投、選舉中盡顯無遺，反主流、反建制思潮愈演愈烈。迭出的亂象，引起世界的警醒。

The Western world imagined itself as a “standard of human rights,” but failed to withstand the test. All kinds of deep-rooted plights they encountered in the past year have exposed their shortcomings. Racial conflicts and uncontrolled use of firearms have split the US public, while the refugee crisis is torturing the conscience of Europe.

Because of these twisted social values, widening disparity between the rich and the poor and other escalated challenges, the public are increasing their hatred toward the mainstream, establishment and politics after a host of elections have brought institutional flaws in the “voting democracy” of Western countries to light. The world is now alert to its emerging chaos.

頗爲蹊蹺的是，每每有嚴重問題在西方社會出現時，其主流話語卻拼盡一切可能去放大乃至無中生有製造別國的問題。他們對自己的問題視而不見，卻還說什麼“這爲莫斯科、北京提供了宣傳機會”，走進“無理攪三分”的死衚衕。

What is ridiculous is that any time Western countries met with a predicament, their mainstream voice will exaggerate or make up some questions of other nations. They are now in dead ends that always blame others like Moscow and Beijing, but ignore their own flaws.

“橘生淮南則爲橘，生於淮北則爲枳。”世界上沒有放之四海而皆準的人權發展道路，人權保障沒有最好，只有更好。這是一個樸素而又深刻的道理。

In terms of international human rights, it means that there is no “one-size-fits-all” path in the world. What the world can do is to pursue a “no best, but better” protection of human rights.

世界不乏教訓。不顧自身國情、全盤照搬別國發展道路，導致水土不服，引發社會劇烈動盪的例子讓人痛心。其結果是，人的生存權、發展權都無從談起，更不要說什麼政治權利了。

The world has learned not a few lessons caused by copying other development models regardless of the reality. In those harrowing cases, social unrest was triggered because the borrowed system cannot acclimatize to national conditions. The involved nations, as a result, failed to secure their people with the right to survive and develop, not to mention political rights.

世界也不乏成功經驗的積累。國際社會普遍承認，中國堅持把人權的普遍性原則同中國實際相結合，不斷推動經濟社會發展，增進人民福祉，促進社會公平正義，加強人權法治保障，努力促進經濟、社會、文化權利和公民、政治權利全面協調發展，顯著提高了人民生存權、發展權的保障水平，走出了一條適合中國國情的人權發展道路。

But there are indeed a number of successful cases. The international community recognized that by combining the universal principle with the Chinese reality, China has boosted its economic and social progress, improved its people’s livelihoods, bolstered social justice, optimized protection of law-based human rights, pursued economic, social and cultural rights as well as civic and political rights in parallel, and significantly strengthened protection of people’s rights to survive and develop, thus finding out a unique path suitable to China’s conditions.

人權事業發展需要良好的國際環境。尊重各國自主選擇的人權發展道路，尊重各國價值觀、歷史文化傳統和政治制度，並在此基礎上展開平等對話與合作，交流互鑑，纔是各國在人權事業上實現共同進步之道。

Human rights undertakings require a sound international environment. All countries can only seek shared progress by launching equal-footed dialogues, cooperation and exchanges based on respect to each other’s development path, social value, historical and cultural traditions, as well as political systems.