研究表明 女性獲得更高教育讓男性成爲受益者大綱

"Marrying-up" usually refers to marrying above your economic class, often improving one's social mobility in the process. And while of course men have also married up, it's been historically more common for women to do so.

“攀高枝”通常指與一個比你經濟階層高的人結婚，這個過程通常會提升一個人的社會階層。男性當然也會“攀高枝”。歷史上，女性“攀高枝”更常見。

More men are marrying up today in part because there are more highly educated women now than there were a few decades ago, according to the study findings.

據研究表明，越來越多的男性正在“攀高枝”，一部分原因是，相比幾十年前，受高等教育的女性更多。

As a result, "women are more likely to get married to a less-educated man," ChangHwan Kim, PhD, the study's lead author and an associate professor of sociology at the University of Kansas, said in the press release.

堪薩斯大學社會學副教授、研究首席作者金昌煥博士在新聞稿中表示，這樣的結果就是，“女性更有可能嫁給受教育層次低的男性”。

To come to this conclusion, Kim and his study co-author Arthur Sakamoto, PhD, a professor of sociology at Texas A&M University, looked at gender-specific changes in income and marriage from hundreds of thousands of 35 to 44-year-olds using data from the U.S. Census from 1990 to 2000 and the American Community Survey from 2009 to 2011.

爲了得出這個結論，金博士和他的研究的合著者--德州農工大學社會學教授亞瑟·阪本博士，利用1990年到2000年間美國人口普查、以及2009年到2011年間美國社區調查針對35歲至44歲的成千上萬人數據，研究了收入和婚姻的性別變化。

To measure "gender-specific changes," the researchers looked at how much return people got on their education in terms of their family's income.

爲了測量“性別變化”，研究員研究了就家庭收入而言，教育的回報率。

"Previously, women received more total financial return to education than men, because their return in the marriage market was high," Kim said in the press release. "But because of gains in education and employment opportunities, that advantage has deteriorated over time," he added.

金在新聞稿中指出：“在以前，女性比起男性能獲得更多經濟上的教育回報，因爲女性能在婚姻市場上獲得高教育回報。”他補充道：“但是由於教育和就業機會的增加，這種優勢已經隨着時間消失了。”

During the time period the researchers studied, they found that while women saw greater growth in their personal earnings compared to men, their "net advantage of being female in terms of family-standard-of-living decreased approximately 13 percent."

在研究人員進行研究的這一期間，儘管相比男性，女性的個人收入增長更快，但她們“作爲女性的家庭生活標準淨收益下降了大約13%。”

I asked Kim what a "net advantage of being female" meant over email and he clarified that "if a high-school educated woman marries a man with a BA degree, her equalized income (which gages the standard-of-living) can be higher than a high-school educated man who marries a woman with less than high school education."

在郵件中，我詢問金什麼叫“作爲女性的淨收益”，他解釋道，“如果一個受到高中教育的女性嫁給了一個擁有本科學歷的男性，她的淨收入（用來衡量生活水平）將高於一個受到高中教育但是嫁給了一個沒有高中學歷男性的女性。”

"Until the 1990s, women's standard-of-living after controlling for education was higher than men's, but that is no longer the case in 2009-2011."

“直到20世紀90年代，女性的生活水平在受到教育後都比男性高，但是2009年-2011年已經不再是這樣了。”

If you're not sure how to interpret the findings, you're not alone -- they're complicated. On the one hand, they paint a picture of an increasingly equitable education and employment landscape. Women bringing more to the family table, economically speaking, helps to shatter old school ideas about the "man of the house" being the "breadwinner" or "pants-wearer" of the family.

如果你不確定怎麼闡釋這些研究結果，那你並不孤獨--這些結果很複雜。一方面，他們描繪出日益公平的教育和就業格局。從經濟角度來說，女性爲家庭創造了更多財富，這有助於粉碎關於男性是家庭主要經濟來源的老觀念。

But "in essence," as Kim told me via email, mens' "standard-of-living has improved substantially more than equally less-educated women thanks to their wives' higher salary than before."

但是，正如金通過電子郵件告訴我的那樣，“從本質上來說，‘男性生活水平提高的幅度遠遠超過同樣受教育程度較低的女性，這要歸功於他們的妻子比以前更高的薪水”。

Kim added that "the marriage market is becoming increasingly important for men's economic well being." The upside is that can use this data to better understand how trends like "marrying up" will affect our culture.

金補充道：“婚姻市場正在變得對男性經濟狀況越來越重要。”這個結論的好處在於可以使用數據來更好的理解爲什麼像“攀高枝”這樣的趨勢會影響我們的文化。