研究發現素食主義者比吃肉或雞蛋的人活得更久

Vegans have substantially lower death rates than meat-eaters, a major study has found. The study has been published in the JAMA Internal Medicine Journal and reignites debate around increasingly popular vegan diets over their impact of proponents' health.

一項重大研究發現：素食者比肉食者的死亡率低很多。該研究結果已刊登在了美國醫學協會國際醫藥雜誌上，這也引起了人們的爭論：爭論越來越流行的素食飲食對支持者健康的看法。

The research was undertaken by scientists at Massachusetts General Hospital, who monitored health and diet records of more than 130,000 people over the course of thirty years. They found every three per cent increase in calories from plant protein was found to reduce risk of death by 10 per cent. The figure rises to 12 per cent for risk of dying from heart disease.

馬薩諸塞州綜合醫院的科學家進行了該項研究，他們的研究過程長達30年，在此期間監控了超過13萬人的健康飲食記錄。他們發現每從植物蛋白中攝入3%的卡路里，就能將死亡率減少10%，而且能降低因患有心臟病而死的機率，降低12%。

By contrast, raising the share of animal protein in one's diet by 10 per cent led to a two per cent higher risk of death from all causes. This increased to an eight per cent higher chance of dying from heart disease.

相比之下，如果多攝入10%的動物蛋白就會增加死亡率，增加2%。而因心臟病而死的機率會增加8%。

Substituting eggs for plant protein led to a 19 per cent reduction in death risk and eliminating unprocessed red meat saw a drop of 12 per cent.

如果吃雞蛋代替植物蛋白，死亡率會減少19%，而不吃未加工過的紅肉則會減少12%。

As would be expected, the risk was found to be most pronounced among people who also engaged in other unhealthy activities, including having a history of smoking, drinking heavily or being obese.

不出所料，還有其它不健康活動的那些人死亡率最高，這些活動包括：抽過煙、酗酒或肥胖。

However, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results, as other more complex social and environment factors could affect the results rather than being solely related to diet. For instance, vegans are more likely to be younger than the general population and therefore have much lower mortality rates. Similarly, vegans can be more likely to come from socially affluent backgrounds, which can also influence mortality risk.

然而，在解讀結果的過程中還是應當注意，因爲其它的社會和環境因素可能也會影響結果，而不單單只是因爲飲食。例如，素食者往往都比普通大衆更年輕，因此死亡率本身就更低。同樣的，素食者往往都比較富裕，這同樣也會影響死亡率。

Lead scientist Dr Mingyang Song said: 'Overall, our findings support the importance of the sources of dietary protein for long-term health outcomes. While previous studies have primarily focused on the overall amount of protein intake - which is important - from a broad dietary perspective, the particular foods people consume to get protein are equally important.'

首席科學家宋明陽（Mingyang Song）博士說道："總的來說，我們的研究結果表明飲食蛋白質的來源對於長期的健康結果十分重要。雖然早前的研究主要是關注蛋白質攝入的總量--這也是很重要的--從一個廣泛的飲食觀點來看，研究人們爲了獲得蛋白質而攝入的特定食物也一樣重要。"

"Our findings suggest people should consider eating more plant proteins than animal proteins, and when they do choose among sources of animal protein, fish and chicken are probably better choices."

"我們的研究結果表明人們應該攝入更多的植物蛋白質而非動物蛋白質，當我們選擇動物蛋白質來源時，魚和雞肉可能是更好的選擇。"