全球最美麗的大學校園 清華位列其中 (上篇 )

Forbes asked a panel of architects and campus designers to nominate their picks for the best-looking campuses in the world. These are their top choices.
《福布斯》雜誌徵詢了諸多建築師和校園設計師們的意見，讓他們爲“世界上最漂亮的大學校園”提名。以下爲他們的首選名單。


Kenyon College
Gambier，Ohio

Mike Evans, a principal at Norfolk, Va., design firm Hanbury Evans Wright

Vlattas + Company, says to be beautiful a campus must have a "signature campus

space as a carrier of the campus brand." At Kenyon College, that space is

"Middle Path," a 10-foot-wide footpath that serves as the Gothic hilltop

campus' central artery. More than just a trail, it's a village green for the

tight-knit campus community. Sergei Lobanov-Rostovsky, who teaches 17th-

century poetry at Kenyon, says the college, both isolated and pastoral, is "a

small place to think big thoughts."

凱尼恩學院
位於美國俄亥俄州，甘比爾(Gambier)城

Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas建築設計事務所(該事務所位於弗吉尼亞州諾福克市)主管

邁克·埃文斯(Mike Evans)強調說，任何校園都必須擁有一個“標誌性空間以作爲其校園

品牌的載體”，才能擔得起“最美麗校園”的名號。在凱尼恩學院，這個空間是一條10英

尺寬、名爲“中央大道”的人行道，它是這所坐落於山頂，哥特式風格校園的主要幹道。

同時，在這座人際關係緊密的校園裏，它還是大家的聚會場所。在此講授17世紀詩歌課程

的Sergei Lobanov-Rostovsky教授還表示，這所遠離喧囂的田園式學院，可謂是“小地方

有着大思考”。

Oxford University
Oxford, England

Teaching within Oxford's stone walls dates as far back as the 11th century,

and the school is considered a paradigm for all college campuses. With its

labyrinth of quads, cloisters, and archways, it evokes elegance and tradition

at every turn. "Its monastic roots and the spectacular quality of its

buildings make it an architectural wonderland," says David Mayernik, associate

professor at Notre Dame's School of Architecture. The famous Radcliffe Camera,

built in 1737 as a Science Building, and now a hushed reading room for

students, is "the most covetable university building in the world."

牛津大學
位於英國，牛津

牛津大學石牆內，傳道授業的歷史可追溯至11世紀，而它也早被視作所有成功大學校園的

典範。四合院，迴廊還有拱門遍佈各個角落，宛如迷宮，這些古老的建築無一不都散發出

典雅迷人的傳統氣息。美國聖母大學(Notre Dame)建築學院副教授大衛·邁耶尼克

（David Mayernik)如此講述：“修道院的傳統根源和各類氣勢恢弘的建築物，使牛津大

學成爲一個建築仙境。”它的標誌性建築，始建於1737年的拉德克里夫圖書館(Radcliffe

Camera),早年曾是科學樓，現在已成爲一座靜謐的學生閱覽室，它可是“全世界最令人稱

羨的大學建築”。

Princeton University
Princeton, N.J.

This classic American campus is "straight out of central casting," says

architect Natalie Shivers, who has been guiding the prestige Ivy Leaguer

through an ambitious expansion plan. Princeton's style is pure Collegiate

Gothic; most of it executed in gray stone covered in, yes, ivy. As imposing as

these old stone structures are, the campus keeps life on a "human scale" by

preserving green spaces and "walkability," says Shivers. "Everything on campus

is within a 10-minute walk." Sinuous footpaths, archways, plazas--all are

designed to inspire spontaneous discussion and learning.

普林斯頓大學
位於美國新澤西州，普林斯頓城

這所著名的常春藤盟校正在進行一項雄心勃勃的擴展計劃，建築師Natalie Shivers在裏

面做指導工作。她表示，這座古典的美國校園“完全是按老規矩”建造。普林斯頓大學擁

有經典的學院派哥特式建築風格，大多數用灰色石材蓋就的建築物上爬滿了常春藤（是的

，就是它）。儘管古老的石材建築給人莊嚴肅穆之感，可整個校園卻一直保持着“人性化

”的綠色生活空間，和適於行走的狀態。Shivers談到：“校園的每一個角落，都可在10

分鐘內步行到達。” 蜿蜒小徑，拱門和廣場，所有這些建築的設計都旨在激發人們的自

主學習和深度探討。

Scripps College
Claremont, Calif.

The total plan of this women's college, founded in the 1920's, has always

called for artistic connection between buildings and landscape. Together,

architect Gordon Kaufmann, in collaboration with landscape architect Edward

Huntsman-Trout, created a distinctively Southern Californian blend of Mission

Revival-inspired architecture and landscape, which is lovely, evocative and

intact. An expert in deciduous trees, Trout planted rows of liquid amber trees

to give the students "a sense of autumn" come fall. He also peppered the

campus with tulip trees, sycamores, almond and orange trees, as well as rare

shrubs.

斯克利普斯學院
位於美國加州，克萊蒙特市

這所女子學院自1920年成立以來，一直致力於建築物和景觀藝術的完美融合。建築師戈登

·考夫曼（Gordon Kaufmann）與景觀設計師愛德華·亨斯曼·特勞特（Edward

Huntsman-Trout)攜手，將文藝復興風格(Mission Revival)建築與頗具南加州風情的景緻

相結合，形成了現在斯克利普斯學院的獨特風格，楚楚可人，令人回味而又與自然渾然一

體。特勞特還是落葉樹木專家，他在校園裏設計種植了一排排琥珀色的樹木，營造出一副

“無邊落木蕭蕭下”的秋天意境。此外，他還在校園的各個角落種滿了鬱金香樹，桑樹，

杏樹，桔子樹，以及各種珍稀灌木。

Stanford University
Palo Alto, Calif.

Architects like Aaron B. Schwartz, Principal and Director of Perkins Eastman,

an international design firm, praise Stanford for staying "cohesive" despite

extensive growth, and for always respecting and staying loyal to "its initial

design precepts." New additions like the Science and Engineering Quad manage

to gracefully blend modern and technological elements with the timeless,

elegant aesthetics of the campus' early California Mission Revival

architecture. Architect Mike Evans lauds the campus' "continuity of materials,

color and scale" over time. The campus also scores big points for its dramatic

entrance via Palm Drive, its romantic Spanish red-tile roofs and myriad

patches of green.

斯坦福大學
位於美國加州，帕洛阿爾託

包括Perkins Eastman國際建築設計事務所主管Aaron Schwarz在內的一些知名建築師都對

斯坦福大學交口稱譽，儘管經歷了大規模擴張，斯坦福大學卻依然維持着它的“整體性”

，並且始終尊重和保持“其最初的設計概念。” 在科學與工程教學區中，新增加的建築

優雅地將現代技術元素，和校園早期文藝復興風格(Mission Revival)完美結合，維繫着

斯坦福校園恆久遠的雅緻美感。建築師Mike Evans對此讚不絕口，他表示整座校園“物質

，顏色和規模的連續性”並未隨着光陰的流逝而消退。此外，氣勢磅礴的棕櫚大道，唯美

浪漫的西班牙式紅瓦屋頂，以及校園裏星羅密佈的綠地，也爲斯坦福校園增添了不少光彩。

Trinity College
Dublin, Ireland

Norfolk, Va., architect Mike Evans says Trinity is like Oxford, "only gentler,

and on a more human scale." The most celebrated structure on the campus, which

was founded by Queen Elizabeth in 1592, is the Old Library. Some have called

the library's main chamber, known as the Long Room, a "cathedral of the book"

because of its timbered barrel-vaulted ceiling and shelving that resembles

side chapels of an old baroque church. The Long Room is also where the famous

Book of Kells (an illuminated holy manuscript circa 800) is kept under lock

and key. Over the years, architects say, the college has quietly pursued an

enlightened policy of commissioning architecture from some of the best

architects in Ireland and Britain.

三一學院
位於愛爾蘭，都柏林市

弗吉尼亞州諾福克(Norfolk)市的建築師Mike Evans表示，三一學院與牛津大學有頗多相

似之處，“只是更加溫和，更加人性化”。這所學院是1592年英國女王伊麗莎白一世下令

興建的，校園內最著名的建築物是老圖書館（Old Library)。有些人將這座圖書館的主室

，也就是衆所周知的長屋（Long Room），叫做“書籍的教堂”，這是因爲其木製拱形天

花板和隔板的裝置與一座巴洛克風格老教堂的側堂非常相似。長屋（Long Room）內收藏

有大量的珍貴著作，也是著名的《凱爾經(The book of kells)》安放之處，這部書籍撰

寫於公元800年，據說是年代最久遠的手抄本新約聖經。建築師談到，近年來，三一學院

開始悄然奉行一項更爲開明的政策，將建築架構的設計任務委派給愛爾蘭和英國最好的一

批建築設計師。

Tsinghua University
Beijing, China

Our panel of architects says natural setting plays a big part in assessing a

campus' beauty. In that regard, this campus is blessed: Founded in 1925,

Tsinghua sits on the former site of the Qing Dynasty's royal gardens. Many of

Beijing's most notable historical sites, like the Summer Palace, are close by.

The campus is peppered with artificial ponds where stone benches and floating

lotus blossoms inspire reflection. The landscaping and many of the buildings

are traditional Chinese, but the campus also boasts many Western-style

edifices, such as the quad and auditorium: T. Chuang, the university's

principal architect, was a 1914 graduate of the University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign.

清華大學
位於中國，北京

我們的建築師評定小組一致認爲，自然景觀在評判校園之美中佔有很大的比重。在這方面

，水木清華園可謂是得天獨厚。成立於1925年的清華大學，是在幾處清朝皇家園林舊址上

修建而成。北京許多著名的歷史遺蹟（如，頤和園，圓明園），都離清華校園不遠。校園

內點綴着巧奪天工的人工湖。湖邊的石凳，水面上搖曳的荷花，都讓人心曠神怡，浮想聯

翩。校園內的景觀和許多建築都具備鮮明的中國傳統特色，不過這所大學還擁有爲數不少

的西式宏偉建築，比如老圖書館和大禮堂。清華大學的一代建築宗師樑思成，是美國伊利

諾伊大學香檳分校(UIUC)1914年的畢業生。