里約奧運會上 巴西觀衆爲啥噓聲不斷
It didn’t take long for the Brazilians to rewrite the norms of Olympic fandom.
巴西人沒用幾天就改寫了奧運會觀賽規則。
The list of Olympic participants targeted by Brazilian boos is long and varied: Russians, due to its doping scandal; Spaniards, as symbols of Latin American colonialism; a tennis ball boy who had butterfingers; favorites—like the poor Romanian women’s handball team—when they played the underdogs; and, of course, anyone from Brazil’s historic rival Argentina, who probably get the worst of it.
本屆奧運會慘遭巴西觀衆噓聲的人不計其數：俄羅斯人，因爲嗑藥醜聞；西班牙人，因爲象徵了拉美殖民主義；網球球童，因爲有黃油手；觀衆最喜歡噓的是不被看好的一方，比如可憐的羅馬尼亞女子手球隊；當然了，還有他們的世仇阿根廷，被噓得最慘。
Pole vaulter Renaud Lavillenie was booed by the Rio fans—twice in 24 hours—to the point he was in floods of tears on the podium, leading the International Olympic Committee president Thomas Bach to take the unprecedented step of saying the crowd’s antics were “unacceptable at the Olympics.”
撐杆跳運動員李納德•拉維萊涅在24小時內被噓了兩次，他最後在領獎臺上被觀衆們噓哭了。國際奧委會主席托馬斯•巴赫都看不下去了，史無前例地站出來發聲，說觀衆們的行爲“在奧運會上令人無法接受”。
Pole-vaulter Renaud Lavillenie consoled by Thiago Braz and Sergei Bubka after he was booed at medal ceremony
撐杆跳運動員拉維萊涅在頒獎儀式上被噓，之後蒂亞戈•布拉茲和謝爾蓋•布卡安慰了他
— IOC MEDIA (@iocmedia) August 17, 2016
——國際奧委會（@iocmedia）2016年8月17日
The fans were so boisterous at a beach volleyball Game between the Brazilian and Czech teams that the public address announcer had to repeatedly admonish them against booing the visitors. A normally staid air-pistol event almost turned into a melee when unruly Brazilian fans tried rattling the concentration of foreigners as they pulled the trigger.
在巴西和捷克進行沙灘排球比賽時，巴西球迷非常喧鬧，現場廣播員不得不反覆告誡觀衆不要噓客隊。好端端的氣手槍比賽幾乎變成了一場混戰，任性的巴西觀衆總是在外國選手扣動扳機時大聲吵鬧，試圖分散他們的注意力。
At a tennis match where fans heckled the player from Argentina, there was a scuffle in the stands (link in Spanish)—perhaps the first ever case of tennis hooliganism.
網球賽場上，觀衆們高聲挑釁阿根廷選手，一些人甚至還在看臺扭打成一團，估計這是有史以來第一起網球流氓事件。
In London four years ago, the British fans got behind not only their own country, but every other in the spirit of sportsmanship. Alberto Murray Neto, a Brazilian lawyer who has served in the past on the Brazilian Olympic Committee, says that as Brazilian soccer dominated the sporting culture here, mastering the codes of other sports will be a learning process for many people who have never seen them played. “This is the Brazilian way, which is different from the very proper English way in 2012,” he says.
四年前的倫敦奧運會，英國觀衆出於體育道德精神，不僅支持本國運動員，同樣也支持別國運動員。巴西律師阿爾貝託•默裏•內託以前曾在巴西奧委會工作，他表示，巴西的體育文化是以足球爲主導的，很多人沒有看過別的體育比賽，所以掌握其他比賽的觀賽規則還需要學習。“這就是巴西觀衆的觀賽方式，這與2012年倫敦奧運會英國觀衆非常得體的觀賽方式不同。”他說道。
At the Riocentro sports complex on Friday night (Aug. 12), the fans were as much the talk of foreign tourists and athletes as the Games themselves. Marian Busch, a German tourist, said Brazilians are wonderful people—as long as you don’t run into them in the bleachers. “They do things that would be considered unfair and unsporting in Europe,” she says.
8月12日晚上，在里約中心體育館，外國遊客和運動員們對巴西觀衆的關注程度不亞於對奧運會本身，並且頗有微詞。德國遊客瑪麗安•佈施表示，巴西人非常贊，只要你別在看臺上遇到他們。“他們做的事情，在歐洲都會被認爲是不公平和無體育道德的。”她說道。
While the weightlifters were pictures of concentration as they crouched over their bars, the low roar from the stands never diminished. The seemingly oblivious Brazilian rooters were shooting selfies, gobbling up concession stand snacks and engaging unashamedly in public displays of affection. At one point, when the noise seemed to be distracting a Ukrainian lifter, a group of Ukrainian fans, who looked as pumped up as some of the participants, brusquely told some nearby Brazilians to knock it off.
舉重運動員在臺上摩拳擦掌屏息凝神，而臺下的喧囂聲從未衰減。這些似乎不關注比賽的巴西觀衆在自拍，狂吃零食，公開秀恩愛。眼看一位烏克蘭舉重選手不堪其擾，一羣烏克蘭觀衆看起來像運動員一樣情緒激動，他們直接衝到旁邊的一羣巴西觀衆面前，勒令他們停止吵鬧。
In another arena, Australia and Malaysia were doing battle in badminton. For reasons that weren’t clear, a large contingent of Brazilians had adopted the Australian cause that night—more loudly than the Aussies themselves.
在另一個場館裏，澳大利亞和馬來西亞在進行羽毛球比賽。那天晚上，一大批巴西觀衆不知怎的支持澳大利亞這邊，聲音比澳大利亞人還大。
Sometimes, the fans just seemed to make noise for its own sake. At one point during a ping-pong event, a cheer went up incongruously in the middle of a long volley. It turned out fans were applauding a slender fellow in a track suit who happened to be sauntering past the bleachers.
有時候，觀衆們純粹只是爲了製造噪音而噓。在一場乒乓賽事中，觀衆席上猛地發出一陣不協調的喝彩聲，原來只是一個穿着田徑服的瘦小夥從看臺走過。
‘Need to vent’
“需要發泄的渠道”
Olympic organizers have already asked the crowd to rein it in. “We’ll ask the fans for more silence and elegance during the competitions,” Rio Olympics spokesman Mario Andrada said last week. “The passion of the Brazilian fans pleases us all, but it’s necessary to respect the adversary. The Olympics aren’t fútbol games.”
奧運會的組織者早已告訴觀衆要控制自己的行爲。里約奧運會的發言人馬里奧•安德拉達上週表示：“我們會要求觀衆在觀賽期間保持安靜，舉止文明。巴西觀衆的熱情固然令人愉悅，但也必須要尊重對手。畢竟奧運會不是足球比賽。”
Besides the tradition of soccer, the unruly behavior may have something to do with the hard times Brazilians are currently enduring, sports sociologist Mauricio Murad told Quartz. With Brazil’s president facing impeachment while the country endures its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, the scream coming from the bleachers is a primal one, Murad says. “Brazilians need to vent right now, and I think that’s what we’re seeing in the stands at the Olympics,” he said.
體育社會學家毛裏西奧•穆拉德向Quartz網站表示，除了足球傳統，觀衆們的任性行爲可能跟巴西人民目前正在經歷的困境有關係。巴西總統正面臨彈劾，該國正經歷着大蕭條以來最嚴重的經濟危機，看臺上的尖叫聲實際上是在釋放壓抑的情緒。穆拉德說道，“巴西人需要釋放的渠道，我認爲這渠道就是奧運會看臺上的吵鬧。”
The bad behavior in the bleachers is also a consequence of Brazilians’ relatively limited interaction with the rest of the world historically, said Ronaldo Lemos, director of the Institute for Technology and Society in Rio de Janeiro. “The issue here is that Brazil is basically a very closed and insular country,” he said. “Brazilians do not live on a day-to-day basis with international people.”
里約技術與社會協會主任羅納爾多•萊莫斯表示，看臺上的惡劣行爲也是巴西人對外交往有限的結果。“問題在於，巴西基本是一個很封閉和孤立的國家，”他說道，“巴西人跟那些國際觀衆的三觀不一樣。”
Having not traveled very much, he added, Brazilians may believe that their own manners are “universal.” That is, this is how everyone behaves.
巴西人出國旅行太少，他補充道，他們可能認爲自己的行爲是“全球通用的”。即，他們認爲大家都會這樣做。
Columnist Marcos Sergio Silva wrote that the conduct of fans also reflects the tendency of Brazilians to turn every event into a morality play along the lines of a telenovela, or soap opera. “At bottom, we’re Manichean in the extreme and we always need to select villains,” he wrote.
專欄作家馬科斯•塞爾吉奧•席爾瓦寫道，巴西觀衆的舉止反映出他們喜歡把一切事情當作如同肥皂劇般的倫理劇，“實際上，我們很像一羣摩尼教徒，總要選出一個壞人來。”他寫道。
The German tennis player Dustin Brown, who was getting booed while competing against Brazilian Thomaz Bellucci, actually seemed to relish the villain’s role, egging the hostile crowd on. Chinese table tennis player Zhang Jike put his index finger to his lips to quiet the fans.
德國網球選手達斯汀•布朗在跟巴西選手托馬斯•貝魯奇交手時被觀衆狂噓，他反而很享受當壞人的感覺，甚至給觀衆煽風點火。中國乒乓球選手張繼科則把食指放在嘴邊讓觀衆安靜。
Of course, that only made the jeering worse.
當然，那隻會招來更大的噓聲。
