社會調查顯示逾半數日韓民衆互無好感

The dire state of relations between east Asia’s two largest democracies has been laid bare by a new survey showing a majority of Japanese and Koreans dislike their neighbour.

一項最新調查讓兩個東亞民主國家之間的緊張關係一覽無餘，這一調查顯示，大部分日本和韓國兩國的民衆互無好感。

According to the survey for Genron NPO, a Tokyo think-tank, 52.4 per cent of Japanese have a negative impression of Korea while 72.5 per cent of Koreans feel the same about Japan.

東京智庫“言論NPO”(Genron NPO)的一份調查顯示，52.4%的日本人對韓國持負面看法，而對日本持負面看法的韓國人高達72.5%。

The figures show how badly disputes over history have hurt a bilateral relationship that is vital to both economies and to US strategy in East Asia.

這一結果表明，有關歷史的激烈爭端對日韓雙邊關係的傷害是多麼的嚴重。日韓的雙邊關係對這兩個經濟體、以及美國的東亞戰略是至關重要的。

Seoul has made some moves towards diplomatic rapprochement this year with the Japanese and South Korean defence ministers meeting on Saturday for the first time in four years.

今年以來，首爾方面已採取了一些外交和解動作，日韓防長上週六舉行了四年來首次會談。

But new disputes have erupted to undermine the broader relationship, with Korea disputing Japan’s world heritage application for industrial sites such as the “Battleship Island” coal mine, saying they employed slave labour.

但新的爭端再次爆發，破壞了兩國總體關係。日本申請將“戰艦島”煤礦等產業革命遺址加入世界文化遺產名錄，遭到了韓國的抵制。韓國方面表示，這些地方當年曾經強徵勞工。

In February a $10bn currency swap between the countries was allowed to expire, widely seen as evidence that the diplomatic difficulties are damaging economic co-operation, despite protestations it is no longer needed.

今年2月，額度100億美元的日韓貨幣互換計劃到期後未獲展期，儘管發表聲明稱不再需要該計劃，但這仍被廣泛視爲外交困境衝擊經貿合作的證據。

According to the survey, about three-quarters of people in both countries cite issues of historical memory around Japan’s colonial occupation of Korea, such as the “comfort women” forced into sexual servitude during the second world war, for their negative impression.

上述調查顯示，日韓兩國都有約四分之三的人提到，日本對韓國實行殖民侵佔的歷史記憶問題——比如二戰中的“慰安婦”——是他們對對方產生負面看法的原因。

The next most important issue is the territorial dispute over the islands Korea calls Dokdo and Japan calls Takeshima, mentioned by about two-thirds of Koreans and a third of Japanese.

另一個重大問題是圍繞獨島（Dokdo，日本稱竹島(Takeshima)）的領土主權糾紛。大約三分之二的韓國人、三分之一的日本人提到了這一點。

Almost 56 per cent of Japanese regard Korea as “nationalistic”, up from 45 per cent last year, while 57 per cent of Koreans regard Japan as “militaristic” — even though Japan is a democracy with the world’s only pacifist constitution.

約56%的日本人認爲韓國“有民族主義傾向”，高於去年的45%，而57%的韓國人認爲日本“有軍國主義傾向”——儘管日本是世界上唯一擁有和平憲法的民主國家。

Korean unhappiness with Japan has grown conspicuously since Shinzo Abe took power in December 2012, with perceived provocations including Mr Abe’s questioning of whether Japan can be held to have “invaded” other countries.

自從2012年12月安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)上臺以來，韓日之間的不睦明顯加劇，因爲日方的一系列動作被視爲挑釁，比如安倍對日本“侵略”他國的說法提出了質疑。