歷史今天:1945年日本簽署投降書(9.2)

【英文原文】

In the Pacific theater, American forces advanced in the Philippines, clearing Leyte by the end of 1944. They landed on Luzon in January 1945 and Mindanao in March. British and Chinese forces defeated the Japanese in northern Burma from October to March, then the British pushed on to Rangoon by May 3. American forces also moved toward Japan, taking Iwo Jima by March, and Okinawa by June. American bombers destroyed Japanese cities, and American submarines cut off Japanese imports.

On July 11, the Allied leaders met in Potsdam, Germany. They confirmed earlier agreements about Germany, and reiterated the demand for unconditional surrender by Japan, specifically stating that "the alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction". During this conference the United Kingdom held its general election and Clement Attlee replaced Churchill as Prime Minister.

When Japan continued to reject the Potsdam terms, the United States then dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in early August. Between the two bombs, the Soviets invaded Japanese-held Manchuria, as agreed at Yalta. On August 15, 1945 Japan surrendered, with the surrender documents finally signed aboard the deck of the American battleship USS Missouri on September 2, 1945, ending the war.

【中文譯文】


在太平洋戰區，1944年底美軍登陸菲律賓，解放了萊特島。之後1945年1月美軍登陸呂宋島，隨後3月登陸棉蘭老島。在44年10月到45年3月期間，英國和中國的軍隊擊敗了緬甸北部的日本軍隊，之後5月3日英軍佔領仰光。而美軍繼續向日本進軍，分別在3月和6月到達了硫黃島和沖繩。後來，美國轟炸機摧毀了日本2個城市，並美軍潛艇封鎖了日本港口。

7月11日，盟軍領導人在德國波茨坦會面。他們證實了關於德國早先就投向達成的協議，並重申要求日本無條件投降，並特別指出，“要及時和徹底的毀滅日本”。在這次會議期間，英國舉行了大選，艾德禮代替了丘吉爾擔任首相。

日本繼續拒絕簽署波茨坦條款，美國則在8月初向日本的廣島和長崎投了2枚原子彈。兩起爆炸之間，蘇聯解放了日軍佔領的東三省，並簽署了雅爾塔協議。1945年8月15日，日本投降，並最終在9月2日美國戰艦密蘇里號的甲板上年簽署了投降文件。二戰結束。