歷史今天:1945年廣島原子彈爆炸

【英文原文】

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuclear attacks near the end of World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States at the executive order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman on August 6 and August 9, 1945, respectively. After six months of intense fire-bombing of 67 other Japanese cities, followed by an ultimatum which was ignored by the Shōwa regime, the nuclear weapon "Little Boy" was dropped on the city of Hiroshima on Monday, August 6, 1945, followed on August 9 by the detonation of the "Fat Man" nuclear bomb over Nagasaki. These are to date the only attacks with nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.

The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end of 1945, roughly half on the days of the bombings. Amongst these, 15–20% died from injuries or the combined effects of flash burns, trauma, and radiation burns, compounded by illness, malnutrition and radiation sickness. Since then, more have died from leukemia (231 observed) and solid cancers (334 observed) attributed to exposure to radiation released by the bombs. In both cities, the majority of the dead were civilians.

【中文譯文】

1945年8月6日和9日，也就是第二次世界大戰臨近結束的時候，美國總統杜魯門命令向對日本帝國的廣島和長崎發動了核攻擊。在對日本67個城市長達6個月的激烈轟炸之後，美國下達最後通牒。1945年8月6日美國向廣島空投了核武器的“小男孩” ，隨後於8月9日在長崎空投了原子彈“胖子”。這是迄今爲止唯一一次的在戰爭中使用攻擊核武器。

到1945年底，在廣島和長崎的爆炸導致多達14萬人死亡年， 約佔轟炸當天死亡人數的一半。其中， 15-20 ％受傷或死亡是由於閃光燒傷，創傷，燒傷和輻射造成的影響，再加上疾病，營養不良和放射病。從那以後，更多的人死於由於暴露在覈輻射環境中造成的白血病和癌症。在這兩個城市，大多數死者都是平民。