世行報告稱中國營商環境大幅改善 較去年提升30多位大綱

China carried out a record number of reforms during the past year to improve the business climate for small and medium enterprises, earning the country a spot in this year’s top 10 global improvers, says the World Bank Group’s Doing Business 2019: Training for Reform report.

根據世界銀行近日發佈的《2019年營商環境報告：強化培訓，促進改革》，中國在過去一年裏爲中小企業改善營商環境實施的改革數量創紀錄，位列今年營商環境改善幅度全球前十。

China implemented the largest number of reforms in the East Asia and Pacific region. As a result, China advanced to a global ranking of 46 this year, up from 78 last year.

在東亞和太平洋地區，中國實施的改革數量最多。因此，中國的全球營商環境排名從去年的第78位躍升至第46位。

“China has made rapid progress in improving its business climate for domestic small and medium enterprises in the past year. This progress, which now puts China among the top 50 economies in the world, signals the value the government places on nurturing entrepreneurship and private enterprise,” said Bert Hofman, World Bank Country Director for China.

世界銀行中國局局長郝福滿說：“在過去一年，中國在改善國內中小企業營商環境方面取得了飛速的進步。這種進步使中國位居全球50大經濟體，也表明政府非常重視培育創業精神和民營企業。”

Signs promoting the upcoming China International Import Expo at Lujiazui financial district in Shanghai on Oct 17, 2018. [Photo/VCG]

那麼，中國在哪些領域取得明顯進步？世行認爲，中國在開辦企業、辦理施工許可證、獲得電力、納稅、跨境貿易等七個類別的改革中取得了突出進展。其中，開辦企業和獲得電力兩個領域，中國取得的進展尤爲顯著。

Starting a Business was made easier through the introduction of online registration systems and simplifying social security registrations.

在“開辦企業”方面，中國通過推出網上註冊系統和簡化社會保障登記流程，使“開辦企業”更爲便捷。

Getting Electricity was made easier by expanding network capacity and making the connection process free of charge. The introduction of a new mobile application for customers has also reduced the time to obtain an electricity connection to 34 days, from 143 days.

在“獲得電力”方面，中國通過網絡擴容和提供全免費的接電服務，以及推出面向客戶的手機APP，使接電時間從143天縮短爲34天。

Progress made in the areas of Starting a Business and Getting Electricity are particularly impressive. Since last year, three procedures were removed and consequently it now takes 9 days to start a business, on par with most OECD high income countries. In addition, Beijing is now one of only two cities in the world where the process of starting a business is completely free.

中國在“開辦企業”和“獲得電力”兩個領域取得了重大進展。去年以來，兩個領域共取消了3項程序，如今開辦企業只需要9天，與經合組織多數高收入國家的平均水平持平。另外，北京是全球僅有的兩個開辦企業完全免費的城市之一。

Getting an electricity connection is also entirely free in China. Japan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are the only two other countries in the world to share this distinction.

中國的接電服務也完全免費。世界上其他接電免費的國家僅有日本和阿聯酋。

Dealing with Construction Permits was made easier by streamlining the process of obtaining building permits and certificates of completion, as well as registering new buildings with the real estate registry. Building quality controls were also improved by introducing stricter qualification requirements for professionals in the construction industry and the improvement of public access to information.

在“辦理施工許可證”方面，中國不僅通過簡化申辦施工許可、竣工驗收流程和新建築的不動產登記使辦事更便利，還對建築施工專業人員實行了更嚴格的資質要求，並改善了公衆獲取信息的方式，從而加強了建築質量控制。

Registering Property was made easier by streamlining administrative procedures and by increasing the reliability and transparency of the land administration system.

在“登記財產”方面，通過簡化管理程序和增強土地管理系統的可靠性和透明度，使“登記財產”更便利。

Protection of minority investors was strengthened by increasing shareholders' rights and role in major corporate decisions, clarifying ownership and control structures and requiring reimbursement of legal expenses incurred by shareholders.

在“保護少數投資者”方面，通過加強股東在公司重大決策中的權利和作用，明晰所有權和控制結構，以及要求對股東產生的法律費用給予報銷，使“保護少數投資者”得到加強。

Paying Taxes was made easier by abolishing the business tax, allowing for joint filing and payment of all stamp duties and by implementing several administrative reforms to lower the compliance time.

在“納稅”方面，通過取消營業稅，允許所有印花稅聯合申報和繳納，並通過實施多項行政管理改革縮短納稅合規時間，使“納稅”更便利。

The time and cost of Trading Across Borders was reduced by implementing a single window, eliminating administrative charges, increasing transparency and encouraging competition.

在“跨境貿易”方面，通過實施“單一窗口”，取消行政性收費，增強透明度並鼓勵競爭，壓縮了“跨境貿易”的時間和成本。

Remarkable progress has also been made on almost all components of Trading Across Borders. For instance, the cost to import (border compliance) has been reduced to $326, from $745.

中國在“跨境貿易”的幾乎所有領域都取得了顯著進步。比如，進口的邊境合規成本從745美元降低到326美元。

China also remains one of the best economies in the world to resolve a commercial dispute. It takes 496 days and costs 16 percent of the value of the claim; far better than the OECD high income average of 582 days and 21 percent. Globally, China is ranked 6 in this area.

在解決商業糾紛方面，中國平均耗時496天，成本佔索賠額的16%，位列世界最佳經濟體之一，好於經合組織高收入經濟體平均水平（582天和21%），列全球第6位。

Despite the progress made since last year, China can do better in the area of Dealing with Construction Permits, with a global rank of 121. A business needs to complete 20 procedures in order to obtain all permits and authorization to build a warehouse in China, compared with an average of 15 procedures in the East Asia and Pacific region. Nonetheless, with the latest progress made on the building quality control index, China already performs close to the standard established by OECD high income economies with a score of 11 out of 15.

儘管中國的營商環境在過去一年裏取得了顯著進步，但中國在“辦理施工許可證”領域依然還有很大提升空間（排名第121位）。在中國，企業修建一座倉庫辦理所有許可證和授權需要完成20項程序，而東亞太平洋地區平均爲15項。不過，由於在建築質量控制指數方面取得的最新進展，中國的表現已接近經合組織高收入經濟體所建立的標準，在滿分15分中獲得11分。