中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第64期:胡適

Hu Shi(1891~1962), styled Shizhi, pen names Tianfeng and Canghui, was born in Jixi of Anhui Province. He was a modern poet and scholar. He studied in the United States and, after returning to China, he became a professor of Peking University.

胡適(1891~1962),字適之，筆名天風、藏暉等，安徽績溪人，現代詩人、學者，曾留學美國。回國後任北京大學教授。

As an active participant in the New Culture Movement and literary revolution movement, he opposed autocratic culture and Confucianism and was the first to advance the slogan of "Down with the 'Confucian shop'".

積極參加新文化運動和文學革命運動。他反對專制文化，反對孔教，最早提出“打倒孔家店”的口號。

In Humble Opinions of Literary Reform, the first formal declaration of the advocacy of writing in vernacular Chinese instead of classical Chinese, he attacked fiercely for the first time feudal literature and held that literary reform should start with the reform of the “eight issues" of the former literature.

在《文學改良芻議》一文中，他首次猛烈抨擊封建文學，提出文學改良要從改革舊文學的“八事”入手，這是反對文言文、提倡白話文的首篇正式宣言。

Hu Shi elevated vernacular Chinese literature to the status of "the orthodox school of Chinese literature" goal of literary revolution, according to him, was to create a kind of “living literature", namely, “literature of Mandarin Chinese".

胡適把白話文學提到“中國文學之正宗”的地位，提出文學革命要創造一種“活的文學”，即“國語的文學”。

He took the lead in conducting literary creation with vernacular Chinese and produced Attempts, the first vernacular poetry collection in the history of new literature in China. He was the first to write in vernacular Chinese a one-act play An Important Event in One's Life, which radicated the new form of modern drama.

他率先用白話進行文學創作，創作了中國新文學史上第一部白話詩集《嘗試集》，首次用白話寫作了獨幕劇《終身大事》，確立了現代話劇的新形式。

He also wrote many natural and fluent biographies and essays and translated some masterpieces of Alphonse Daudet, Guy de Maupassant, Henrik Ibsen, etc.

他還寫了許多自然暢達的傳記作品和雜文，翻譯了都德、莫泊桑、易卜生等的著作。

In the realm of learning, he urged the necessity for "sorting out our national cultural heritage", and reevaluated the traditional Chinese literature, winning the high reputation of the "leading scholar of his time".

在學術上，他提出“整理國故”，對中國傳統文學進行重估，贏得了“一代宗師”的盛譽。

He was engaged in the study of the history of vernacular literature and textual research of novels in zhanghui style, writing A History of Vernacular Literature (first volume), and textual research works on A Dream of Red Mansions, Heroes of the Marshes and Flowers in the Mirror, among which Textual Research on A Dream of Red Mansions repudiated the old Hongloumeng scholarship concerned with searching for hidden meanings by delving into the abstruse and inaugurated the new school of studies of Hongloumeng.

他致力於白話文學史的研究和章回小說的考證工作，寫有《白話文學史》(上卷)和關於《紅樓夢》、《水滸傳》、《鏡花緣》等小說的考證論著。其中《紅樓夢考證》,否定了索隱派的舊紅學，開創了《紅樓夢》研究的新紅學派。

In scholarly pursuits Hu Shi's "bold hypothesis and discreet proof" exerted far-reaching influences in academia.

在治學方法上，他提出的“大膽的假設，小心的求證”，在學術界產生了探遠的影響。

In his late years, he mainly applied himself to the study of Commtentary on the Waterways and achieved distinguished results.

胡適晚年主要致力於《水經注》的研究，成果引人注目。

In philosophy, his History of Chinese Plnilosophy initiated the new discipline of Chinese philosophical history.

在哲學上，他的《中國哲學史大綱》在中國哲學史上開闢了新紀元。