中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第67期:茅盾

Mao Dun(1896~1981), originally named Shen Dehong, styled Yanbing, was born in Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province.

茅盾( 1896~1981），原名沈德鴻，字雁冰，浙江桐鄉人。

He was concerned, heart and soul, with the social reality.

他全身心關注社會現實生活。

He felt the pulse of the times by presenting the panorama with strong sense of responsibility and mission, and deep and whole-hearted political enthusiasm. He thought in a rational way through the meticulous observation.

以高度的責任感和使命感、深沉飽滿的政治熱情，全景式地把握時代歷史脈搏，在精細觀察中進行理性思考和社會思考。

He initiated the new paradigm of "social anatomy novel" since the May Fourth Movement.

由此開創了五四以來文學創作“社會剖析小說”的新範式。

The millions of words of short stories, novelle and full-length novels created by Mao Dun truthfully revealed the political fluctuations and vicissitudes of the times in almost half of the century. They not only reflected the various social problems people were concerned about and the contradictions and conflicts that caused them, but also exposed the social roots of these problems.

創作了數百萬言的短、中、長篇小說，真實展示了近半個世紀中國社會政治變幻的風雲和時勢變遷。

Mao Dun wrote The Canker, including three loosely related novelle: Disillusion, Wavering and Search. The three short stories, Spring Silkworms, Autumn Harrest and The Last Days of Winter, were called Trilogy of the Villages. His celebrated full-length novels included Rainbow, Midnight and Corrosion. These works manifested Mao Dun's artistic talent for depicting the complexities of society and historical trends. Thus Mao Dun established his position in modern Chinese literature as an outstanding writer of revolutionary realism.

他的代表作有以《幻滅》、《動搖》、《追求》三個中篇構成的《蝕》三部曲，農村三部曲《春蠶》、《秋收》和《殘冬》，長篇小說《虹》、《子夜》、《腐蝕》等。

Midnight, a milestone in Mao Dun's writing career, was the product of Mao Dun's profound understanding of life and artistic ability.

其中《子夜》是茅盾運用社會分析進行創作的典範之作。

By making a cogent and penetrating analysis of the misshapen politics, economy and society of the modern city, Mao Dun drew a grandiose scene of the intricate class contradiction of the early 1930's.

小說對現代都市畸形的政治、經濟、社會作了全面剖析，繪製了一幅30年代初中國社會錯綜複雜的階級矛盾的宏大圖景。

In modern Chinese literary history it became the first epic writing, with the demeanor of modern urban literature, to reflect directly the fundamental conflict in the process of modernization in Chinese history.

成爲中國現代文學史上第一部正面反映中國歷史現代化進程基本矛盾，並具有現代都市文學風采的史詩性作品。

Corrosion was written in the form of a diary, a convenient medium for revealing the private thoughts of the heroine, a secret agent. The complexities of her inner world were meticulously described: her pangs of conscience after she had been deceived, her self-confession, self-derision and self-defense, and her painful struggle as she decided to break away with the evil way of life that had ruined her ideals.

日記體長篇小說《腐蝕》，通過描寫一個女特務由墮落到悔過自新的心理過程，挖掘了這個被污染的靈魂未曾泯滅的人性，更多地轉向了人物內心世界的展露。

In literary theory, Mao Dun adhered all the time to the stand that revolutionary realism should be in step with Chinese revolution and opposed the trend of formalism and conceptualization. He laid stress on the probe into artistic form and technique.

在文藝理論方面，茅盾始終堅持革命現實主義的文藝應與中國的革命取得統一步調，反對公式化、概念化的傾向，注重藝術形式與技巧的探索。

He was also one of the pioneers of modern iterary criticism in China. Mao Dun was a literary theorist and critic of sweeping significance after Lu Xun.

他還是中國現代文學批評的開創者之一，是繼魯迅之後具有廣泛影響的文藝理論家與批評家。