中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第56期:李清照

Li Qingzhao(1084~1155), self-titled Yi'an Jushi, was a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan (in the present-day Shandong Province).

李清照(1084~1155)，自號易安居士，濟南章丘(今屬山東)人。

Her life was a bittersweet story.

她的一生既享受過幸福，也飽經苦難。

She married Zhao Mingcheng and shared with him the love of poetry and antiquities. They had enjoyed a happy family life before the emperors of the Song Dynasty were captured by the invasive Jin people. In the midst of the Jin's invasion, her husband died and she had to flee from her sacked home town.

前半生與趙明誠婚姻美滿，詩詞酬唱，共同收集整理金石文物，生活舒心適意:靖康之難後，家破夫亡，受盡劫難和折磨。

Hardship and suffering made her poetic style widely different from earlier works, which mainly deliver the maiden naivety and the subtle feelings of parting with her husband, or her passion with mother nature and her love of plants and pets.

因此，李清照的詞作前後呈現出截然不同的風格與心境，前期詞作主要是傳達少女天真爛漫的情懷以及少婦淡淡的離愁別緒，或者是表達對自然景物的熱愛，對花草禽鳥的眷顧。

It turned to be melancholy and imposing, reflecting the hardship she bore.

後期詞作由輕盈妙麗的望夫詞變成了沉重哀傷的生死戀歌，詞境由明亮輕快變成了灰冷凝重，真切地反映了時代的苦難。

Li Qingzhao is credited with the establishment of ci as a different genre, independent from other genres. She suggested that ci should follow more melodic and rhythmic patterns, distinguishing itself with shi. In practice, she excelled in using normal language to depict the subtle mentality and emotions of the characters in question.

理論上，李清照從詞的本體論出發確立了詞的獨特地位，提出了“詞別是一家”之說，認爲詞對音樂性和節奏感有更獨特的要求，是與詩不同的抒情文體;創作中，她善於選取日常生活中的起居環境、行動、細節，用最平常、最簡單的語言來表現微妙複雜的心理和多變的情感流程。

Her choice of images and words, whether they are formal or informal, is unique and innovative. The following lines best illustrate her poetic creativity, "The red must be getting thin, while the green is becoming plump";"I dwindle, thin as a golden flower";“spoiled willows and coquet flowers"; "willow-leave eyes and plum-colored cheeks".

她的語言獨具特色，無論口語還是書面語，一經她提煉熔鑄，即別開生面，精妙清亮，如“綠肥紅瘦”、“人比黃花瘦”、“寵柳嬌花”、“柳眼梅腮”等，都是她的獨創。

Li Qingzhao is believed to be the most prolific and accoplished female poet in the history of Chinese literature. Her audacity in expressing the pursuit of true love and delicacy in the depiction of emotions reflect her intuition of being a female.

李清照是中國文學史上創造力最強、藝術成就最高的女性作家，她以女性的身份，真摯大膽地表現對愛情的熱烈追求，豐富生動地抒寫自我的情感世界，比“男子作閨音”更爲真切自然。

Her prominence in the Southern Song Dynasty unprecedentedly changed the male-dominated field of poetry.

李清照的橫空出世，改變了男子一統文壇的傳統格局。