中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第48期:杜甫

Du Fu (712~770), whose courtesy name was Zimei, was born at Gong County, Henan. His ancestral home town was located in Xiangyang (now Xiangyang, Hubei Province).

杜甫(712~770)，字子美，自稱少陵野老，世稱杜工部。原籍襄陽(今湖北襄陽)，生於河南鞏縣。

Revered as the "Poet Historian", he composed poems which extensively and profoundly reflected the social conflicts and historical events of his time.

杜甫的詩，廣泛深刻地反映了現實社會的矛盾和歷史內容，被稱爲“詩史”。

His awareness of the devastation of the country and the suffering of the common people is the theme of most of his poems, which reached an unprecedented height in portraying real life and political issues.

憂國憂民的思想貫穿着他的詩歌創作，現實性和政治性都達到了空前的高度。

The realistic motif of Du Fu's poems is presented by the following aspects: the timely depiction of historical events and major social conflicts and reproach to the ruling class for the calamity they brought to the country and the people; sympathy toward the suffering of the common people; deep concern about the fate of his country which was in constant unrest.

杜詩現實主義主題表現在以下幾個方面:及時反映重大政治事件和尖銳的社會矛盾，對統治階級禍國殃民的罪行痛加誅伐;以深刻的同情描寫民生疾苦，體現“民胞物與”的仁愛胸懷;熱愛祖國，爲國家的盛衰而感奮憂慮。

Du Fu was an expert in epitomizing the typical elements of real life and infusing personal emotions and criticism into the portrayal of realities. His poems are notable for their range and depth, but they do not lack delicateness due to the poet's careful observations.

杜甫善於提取生活中的典型素材，對現實生活作高度的藝術概括，善於將主觀感情和評價融化在對現實生活的客觀描寫中。

Du Fu was also good at mingling emotions with settings in his poems.

杜詩思想內容博大精深，但在具體描寫上，卻以體物察情的細緻入微見長。其律詩善於描寫情景，以情景交融見長。

"Gloom and density" is the most prominent feature of Du Fu's poetry.

藝術風格多種多樣，“沉鬱頓挫”是其最突出的特點。

This style is attributed to the hard time Du Fu was in, his drifting experiences, his melancholy personality and his worship of the grandeur and the grim.

這種風格的形成，是多難的時代、困苦潦倒的閱歷、憂憤抑鬱的思想性格以及崇尚壯美和蒼勁凝練的審美情趣等因素在杜詩中的統一。

Du Fu inherited the spirit of "spontaneity over reality" tradition dating back from the folk lyrics of the Han Dynasty and pushed the realistic strain of ancient Chinese poetry to a new height.

杜甫繼承了漢樂府民歌“緣事而發”的精神，把現實主義傳統推上一個新的高峯。

Du Fu's style is complementary to that of Li Bai's and they are often made comparable in significance in the history of Chinese poetry.

這種風格與李白的飄逸豪放迥然不同，後人把他與李白並稱爲“李杜”。

Also revered as the "Poet Sage", Du Fu left some 1,400 poems, which have been collected in The Anthology of Du Gongbu.

杜甫享有“詩聖”之美稱，著有《杜工部集》，收集了詩歌1400餘首。