中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第78期:郭守敬

Guo Shoujing (1231~1316) was a Chinese astronomer, engineer, and mathematician.

郭守敬(1231~1316)，天文學家、數學家。

His grandfather was Guo Yang, a noted scholar.

其祖父郭榮是著名學者。

By the age of fourteen Guo Shoujing designed a water clock and at sixteen he was studying mathematics.

14歲郭守敬發明了水鍾，16歲學習數學，改進了日晷和圭表。在忽必烈的天文臺工作，他編制了《授時歷》，計算出每年有365.2425天。

He worked on improving the Chinese gnomon and worked at Kublai Khan's observatory. There he formulated the Shoushi calendar and calculated the year to be 365. 2425 days.

這與《格利高裏歷》是一樣的，但是早了將近300年。

This is the Same as the Gregorian calendar, but almost three centuries earlier.

接下來的364年用的都是《授時歷》。

It would be used for the next 364 years.

郭守敬還做了與球面三角有關的工作。

He also did work relating to spherical trigonometry.

郭守敬是中國古代著名的水利工程師和數學家。

He is a famous ancient Chinese hydraulic engineer and mathematician.

郭守敬改進了曆法，算出每年有365天5小時36分11秒，與精確值只錯了50秒。

He improved the calendar and was off by only 50 seconds. He calculated a year was 365 days 5 hours 36 minutes and 11 seconds.

儘管郭守敬在曆法上做出很大的成績，但是他卻認爲圓周率是3，而不像祖沖之的3.14159265和張衡的3. 142那麼精確。

Although he did a great deal on the modern calendar, he suggested pi 3, unlike Zu Chongzhi's 3. 14159265 and Zhang Heng's 3. 142. In engineering he is best known for constructing the artificial Kunming Lake in Beijing as a reservoir and part of a new waterway for grain transport.

在工程學上，郭守敬最著名的是修建了北京昆明湖，用作水庫和運糧水路的一部分。

Asteroid 2012 Guo Shou-Jing was named after him.

編號爲2012號小行星被命名爲“郭守敬星”。