你不知道的關於龍蝦的10件怪事(中)

ters Have Two Stomachs

7.龍蝦有兩個胃

Just in case peeing from their faces isn't unusual enough for you, lobsters have some other unique anatomical characteristics.

如果龍蝦從臉部排尿還不夠讓你震驚，那麼它們還有其他獨一無二而讓人吃驚的“祕密武器”。

A lobster's eyes at the base of its antennae detect light and shadows, but not colors or images -- most of its seeing is done with its three pairs of antennae.

龍蝦的眼睛長在觸角腺底部，它的眼睛對光線十分敏感，卻不能察覺顏色或圖像——它們主要依靠三對觸鬚進行感知。

The large pair is used for feeling around and the smaller two pairs help it navigate via smell.

其中，龍蝦最大的一對觸鬚通常是用於感知周圍環境的，而比較小的兩對觸鬚則通過氣味幫助導航。

An appendage between its eyes called a rostrum often gets mistaken for a nose, but it's just there to protect the eyes during fights.

它的眼睛中間經常被誤認爲是鼻子的附屬物，其實這是它的嘴，但它的作用僅僅是在戰鬥過程中保護自己的眼睛。

And that's not all. Lobsters have two stomachs. One is located in what we'd consider the lobster's head -- right behind its eyes.

更讓人吃驚的是，龍蝦有兩個胃。一個在我們認爲是頭部的地方——眼睛的後面。

This stomach contains teeth-like features (called a gastric mill) that are used to crush the lobster's food. Once the food is fine enough, it passes to the other stomach.

這個胃有牙齒一樣的器官（一般稱爲胃磨）用來碾碎食物。食物被碾碎後，它就會轉移到另一個胃。

Most of a lobster's abdomen is taken up by a digestive gland that serves as the filtration system -- sort of like your liver.

龍蝦腹部的大部分空間被消化腺佔據，而那些消化腺可以充當過濾系統，這和我們的肝臟有幾分相似。

Called the tomalley, it turns green when cooked, and some consider it a delicacy.

龍蝦肝煮熟之後會變成綠色，它可是很多人眼中的美味佳餚。

ng a Claw is No Big Deal

6.失去鉗子也沒什麼大不了

Clawed lobsters typically have two differently-sized pincers. The larger of the two is the crusher, and it's used for -- you guessed it -- crushing through the shells and carapaces of its prey.

長着爪子的龍蝦通常有兩個大小不一的鉗子。大一點的那支是壓碎鉗，跟你想象的一樣，它是用來碾碎獵物的外殼和甲殼。

The smaller of the two claws, the cutter or seizer, grabs onto meat and shreds it into smaller pieces so that the smallest antennae can carry it into the lobster's mouth.

小一點的那支是切割、抓取鉗，用於抓取肉類並將其撕成碎屑，方便龍蝦用細小的觸鬚將肉屑放入口中。

Lobsters tend to have a dominant claw -- meaning that they are either right-clawed or left-clawed -- and their crusher claw can be on either side.

龍蝦往往有一個主導鉗——也就是說不是右鉗就是左鉗——它們的壓碎鉗可以在任何一邊。

Juvenile lobsters start out with two cutters, and one develops into a crusher over time as the lobster locates objects to pick up.

在最初，小龍蝦的兩個鉗子都是切割鉗，當它拾取自己看上的東西時，其中一隻久而久之會變成壓碎鉗。

Scientists have been able to induce lobsters to avoid developing a crusher claw, but not to generate two crushers -- those have only been seen in the wild.

科學家們已經可以誘導龍蝦不讓其長出壓碎鉗，但是卻不能使其長出兩個壓碎鉗——當然，這隻有在野生龍蝦身上才能看到。

No matter which claw is dominant, the lobster isn't all that attached to it -- literally. If a lobster loses a claw or leg, it will grow another when molting. Molting happens several times a year until the lobster is a full-sized adult.

不管哪個是主導鉗，其實龍蝦都不會完全依賴它。如果一隻龍蝦失去一個鉗子或一條腿，它會在脫殼時再長出一個。每年龍蝦都會有幾次脫殼直到其長成完整大小的成體。

During molting the carapace splits and every hard piece is shed. Any missing limbs regrow during this time, and are identical to the original.

脫殼期間，甲殼會裂開，每個硬片都會脫落，並再生出和原來一樣的肢體。

A lobster can also drop a limb or claw if necessary to save its life, such as to get away from a predator.

龍蝦有時甚至會丟棄一條腿或一個鉗子，比如從捕食者口中逃跑。

This adaptive phenomenon is called autotomy or reflex amputation.

這種適應性現象被稱之爲自割或本能截肢。

Don't Make Noise

5.它們不能發聲

Some people avoid cooking lobster at home because of the way that they're normally dispatched -- headfirst, live, into a pot of boiling water.

有些人不在家裏做龍蝦，是因爲他們通常要將活蹦亂跳的龍蝦胡亂地丟到裝有沸水的鍋裏。

Some home cooks have been horrified by sounds coming from the inside of the pot -- noises, which they believe, are the lobster screaming in pain as it dies.

有些家庭廚師已經被鍋裏的聲音嚇壞了——他們覺得這種響聲是龍蝦瀕死時發出的痛苦尖叫。

The thing is, lobster don't have vocal cords or any way of making noise. The sounds heard are probably air escaping from the lobster's shell.

事實是，龍蝦沒有聲帶或任何發聲方式。你聽到的聲音可能是空氣從龍蝦殼中傳導出的聲音。

There may be a crackling noise from live lobsters as they rub their legs, together, but that's about it.

可能是活龍蝦蹬腿時發出的噼裏啪啦的聲音，僅此而已。

So if they're not screaming, do they feel pain at all? That's a matter of some debate. Some researchers claim that they don't because they lack a complex nervous system or brain like vertebrates do.

如果它們不會尖叫，那它們會感覺疼嗎？這就有些爭論了。有些研究者稱它們不會感覺疼，因爲它們缺少多元神經系統或像脊椎動物一樣的大腦。

A 2005 study by the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety concluded that any violent reaction by the lobster to being cooked is a reflexive response to an unpleasant stimuli, called nociception -- not the same thing as pain and suffering.

2005年挪威食品安全科學委員會的一項研究得出結論，龍蝦在被烹煮時做出的任何激烈反應與疼痛不同，它都是對不悅刺激的一種本能反應，叫做傷害感受。

But a 2013 study conducted at Queen's University Belfast in the U.K. had the opposite conclusion.

但由英國貝爾法斯特皇后大學在2013年做的一項研究卻得出了相反的結論。

The jury's still out, so if you love to eat lobster but want to know it's being prepared in the most humane way possible, seek out restaurants that use a CrustaStun, a machine that quickly kills lobster and other crustaceans via electrocution.

目前這個問題仍然沒有定論。所以如果你喜歡吃龍蝦又想知道它們是以儘可能人道的方式烹飪的，那就找一家用水產品電擊機的餐廳吧。

tionships Last About Two Weeks

4.情侶關係大約會維持兩週

In a 1996 episode of the sitcom "Friends," the character Phoebe compared Ross and Rachel's turbulent romance to those of lobsters, stating, "It's a known fact that lobsters fall in love and mate for life."

在1996年的情景喜劇《老友記》的其中一集，劇中人物菲比把羅斯和瑞秋之間混亂的戀情比作是那些龍蝦的關係，宣稱“誰不曉得龍蝦一旦戀愛就會白頭偕老呢。”

There are earlier examples of this theory as well, but it's simply not true. As we mentioned before, a female lobster visits the most dominant male in the neighborhood and entices him into mating by peeing in his shelter.

在早期也有這樣的說法，但這是一種謬誤。正如我們之前提到的，雌性龍蝦會在最有統治地位的雄性龍蝦附近梭巡，並在雄性的住所以撒尿的方式引誘雄性進行交配。

After several visits, the male gets the message and lobster love ensues. First the female has to disrobe, err, molt.

經過多次試探後，雄性得到消息 ，隨之兩隻龍蝦開始戀愛。首先，雌性要脫衣服，呃，蛻皮。

After the deed is done, she hangs around until her shell has re-grown, then takes off. The whole rendezvous takes between 10 days and two weeks.

事情完成後，雌性龍蝦會在周圍逗留，直到她的殼重新長出纔會離開。整個約會過程會持續10天到兩星期。

But then another female comes by and does the same thing. And another... and another ... until all the female lobsters around have mated with the dominant male lobster.

之後另一隻雌性龍蝦會到來，並做着相同的事情。又一隻…再一隻…直到所有的雌性龍蝦都與最具統治地位的雄性龍蝦進行交配完畢。

So instead of mating for life, lobsters are serial monogamists, having one exclusive, but very short-term, relationship after another.

所以忽略其交配的生活，龍蝦對感情是連續性的專一，每次針對一個，但時間會非常短，關係一直維繫到下一個雌性龍蝦的到來。

If you're a fan of "Friends" you know that Ross and Rachel did eventually end up together -- after 10 seasons and numerous other relationships.

如果你是《老友記》的粉絲，那麼你就知道在第10季以後，羅斯和瑞秋最終會在一起，並且還有許多其他的感情關係。