十個令國家羞恥的世界第一稱號(上)

Brazil takes pride in its five World Cup trophies, while Denmark relishes the title of "World's Happiest Country." But not all records are positive. Here are 10 you really wouldn't want your country to hold.

巴西因其獲五屆世界盃獎盃聞名於世，而丹麥因"世界最幸福的國家"而被人稱頌。但並不是所有的紀錄都是好的。你肯定不願意讓自己的國家贏得以下10種世界冠軍。

ria--Most Smokers

10.奧地利--吸菸率最高

As most people know by this point, smoking is essentially an expensive cancer lottery. But apparently Austria didn't get the memo, since it holds the record for the highest proportion of smokers—around 36.3 percent of the population. With over a third of Austrians regularly lighting up, the wealthy European nation can claim the highest smoking rate in the world. An estimated 60 percent of the 20–50 age group—some 2.5 million people—admitted to smoking regularly or semi-regularly in 2010. And things don't seem to be improving much—41 percent of the 15–20 age group are also regular smokers, while a further 8 percent admitted to sneaking the occasional cigarette.

很多人都知道這樣一點，吸菸是導致癌症的根本因素。但是奧地利民衆顯然不理會這種說法，這個國家保持着最多吸菸者的記錄--大約佔人口總數的36.3%。有超過三分之一的奧地利人吸菸，因此這個富裕的歐洲國家可以被稱爲世界上吸菸率最高的國家。據估計，2010年有約60%的20歲至50歲民衆--大概250萬人--承認經常吸菸或偶爾吸菸。這種情況似乎並沒有多大改善--41%的15歲至20歲年齡組的人也是經常吸菸者，另外還有8%的人承認偷偷吸菸。

The country's nicotine fixation has created friction with its neighbors. In 2009, Austria belatedly enforced an EU anti-smoking directive requiring large restaurants and bars to set aside at least 50 percent of their seating area for non-smokers. The move caused widespread outrage, with many business owners saying they would openly flout the law for fear of losing their customers. In 2010, only 19 percent of Austrians said they would support a full ban on smoking in restaurants and other enclosed spaces, leaving the country's 3.5 million smokers free to continue their habit for the foreseeable future.

奧地利因吸菸問題與鄰國發生了點小摩擦。到2009年，奧地利才執行歐盟的禁菸法令，要求大型餐館和酒吧至少留出50%的非吸菸者座位區。此舉引發衆怒，許多企業主公然藐視該法律，因爲他們害怕失去顧客。2010年，只有19%的奧地利人稱他們支持在餐館和其他封閉空間禁菸，剩下的350萬吸菸民衆將繼續他們的吸菸習慣。

rus--Heaviest Drinkers

9.白俄羅斯--最嚴重酗酒

Alcoholism is heartbreaking on an individual level, but things can get even worse when a whole country seems to have a drinking problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the average Belarusian consumes 17.5 liters (3.9 gal) of pure alcohol every year, almost three times the global average of 6.2 liters (1.4 gal). If that doesn't sound bad enough, the average Belarusian male consumes 27.5 liters (6 gal) per year. Of the country's total alcohol consumption, spirits accounted for 46.6 percent, while beer and wine made up a further 22.5 percent. A disturbingly high 30.9 percent of alcohol consumed was simply listed as "other"—probably referring to the discount fruit wines and homemade vodka beloved by the nation's 170,000 recorded alcoholics.

在個人層面上，酗酒是令人心碎的，但當全國都有酗酒問題時，事情就變得更糟糕了。世界衛生組織（WHO）公佈，白俄羅斯人平均每年消耗純酒精17.5升（3.9加侖），近乎全球平均消耗6.2升（1.4加侖）酒精的三倍。如果這聽起來還不算糟糕，白俄羅斯男性平均每年都要消耗27.5升（6加侖）純酒精。在該國的酒精消耗總量中，烈酒佔46.6%，而啤酒和葡萄酒佔22.5%。而另外高達30.9%的酒精消耗量屬於其他酒類--也許是水果酒和自制的伏特加，這由該國的170000名酗酒者保持着紀錄。

Belarus's government has disputed the WHO report, claiming that the actual figures are much lower. But the government itself came in for criticism when it emerged that the lower average they provided included young children and newborn infants, who tend not to be heavy drinkers. Thankfully, the government has instituted a strong anti-alcohol program, including heavy fines for drunk driving and a ban on homemade fruit wines. There are even plans to raise the drinking age from 18 to 21. Drink prices have also risen considerably, with the cost of vodka doubling over the last few years. However, liquor seems to be ingrained in the culture of Eastern Europe—according to the WHO report, the top five alcohol-consuming nations all hail from the region.

白俄羅斯政府質疑WHO的報告，聲稱真實數據低的多。當白俄羅斯政府提供包括根本不會喝酒的小孩和嬰兒的數據被暴露後，遭到了人們的批評。值得慶幸的是，政府已經制訂了一個強有力的反酗酒法律，包括對酒後駕車的高額罰款和禁止自制水果酒。甚至還有計劃將飲酒年齡從18歲提高到21歲。酒類價格也大幅上漲，在過去幾年裏，伏特加的成本翻倍。然而，酒似乎在東歐文化里根深蒂固--根據世界衛生組織報告顯示，世界前五名飲酒國家都來自該地區。

h Korea--Most Cosmetic Surgery

8.韓國--最流行整容

In a world where looks are seemingly everything, it's not surprising that some people feel enormous pressure to conform to society's standard of beauty—even if that means undergoing expensive, painful, and potentially dangerous surgery. Things are particularly bad in South Korea, where plastic surgery is practically an everyday occurrence. An estimated one out of every five South Korean women has had some cosmetic work, four times higher than the rate among American women. The country's plastic surgeons have developed an international reputation—around 7.5 million people have traveled to Seoul to have work done, including many members of the Korean diaspora.

在這個世界上，容貌似乎就是一切（看臉的世界）。所以毫不奇怪，有些人在爲符合社會審美的巨大壓力下，接受昂貴的，痛苦的並且有潛在風險的整容手術。在韓國整容尤其氾濫，整形手術幾乎每天都會發生。據估計，每五個韓國女性中就有一個就受過整形手術，高出美國女性四倍。韓國的整形手術已經享譽世界--大約750萬人去首爾接受整形手術，包括許多韓國僑民。

Why does South Korea have such an obsession with surgery? No one really knows, although anecdotal evidence suggests that Korean women feel heavily judged on their looks. Popular surgeries include procedures to enlarge eyes and reshape noses and jaws. As one plastic surgery patient told ABC News: "I think everyone is trying to delete this Koreanness. In Korea, you go down the streets, you see this girl. And you walk down the street, and you see that girl again. It actually is a different person."

爲什麼韓國如此癡迷整形手術？儘管有證據顯示韓國女性對自己的容貌非常苛刻，但沒有人真正清楚。最受歡迎的手術有放大眼睛，重塑鼻子和下巴。一個整形手術病人告訴美國廣播公司："我想每個人都想刪掉這個韓國標籤。在韓國，你會在街上看見這個女孩，沿着街走，又再次看見這個女孩。事實上，這是兩個不同的人。"

uras--Highest Deforestation Rate

7.洪都拉斯--最高森林砍伐率

Deforestation is a global problem, but some countries have it worse than others—and Honduras just might have it worst of all. According to the Global Forest Resources Assessment Report, the Central American country lost the fourth highest percentage of its forests between 1995 and 2005, behind the Comoros, Burundi, and Togo. However, the total forest cleared in Honduras dwarfed the losses in the other three—despite its relatively small size, Honduras was actually in the top 20 countries for total forest lost. When the two measures are taken into account, it seems like Honduras might well have the worst deforestation problem in the world.

森林砍伐是一個全球性問題，但有些國家更爲嚴重--洪都拉斯就是森林砍伐最嚴重的國家。根據全球森林資源評估報告顯示，這個中美洲國家在1995年和2005年間丟失的森林比例中排名第四，在科摩羅，布隆迪和多哥之後。然而，洪都拉斯的森林砍伐總量相較於其他三國，相形見絀--儘管國土面積較小，實際上，洪都拉斯的森林砍伐名列前20國中。考慮到這兩個因素，洪都拉斯似乎就是世界上森林砍伐問題最嚴重的國家了。

An estimated 70 percent of the Honduran population lives in severe poverty, and firewood is often their only source of cooking fuel. Local coffee farmers don't always realize the effects of runoffs from chemicals used in the pulping process. There are more surprising reasons as well—an increase in drug smuggling through the country has seen deforestation rates skyrocket. Clearing forests for agriculture provides an easy way for traffickers to launder their profits, and they usually have the muscle to ignore conservation groups and muscle indigenous groups off their land. Thanks to the "narco-effect," large-scale deforestation quadrupled in Honduras between 2007 and 2011.

據估計70%的洪都拉斯人生活極其貧困，而柴火往往是他們做飯的唯一燃料。當地的咖啡農並沒意識到從製漿過程中使用化學物質的影響。還有更讓人驚異的原因--毒品走私的增加加劇了森林砍伐。砍伐森林而轉耕農業爲走私者提供了洗黑錢的簡便渠道，並且他們通常有能力忽視環保組織和驅趕本土民衆離開他們的土地。由於"毒品效應"，洪都拉斯的大規模森林砍伐率在2007年和2011年間翻了兩番。

--Lowest Life Expectancy

6.乍得--最低平均壽命

With a life expectancy of only 49 years, Chad is officially the worst country to be born in. Malnutrition is the largest factor in the country's shockingly short average lifespan—as a desert nation, Chad is extremely susceptible to drought and other natural disasters. To make matters worse, the recent conflict in neighboring Sudan has created a devastating refugee crisis, with thousands streaming across the border in search of safety. Chad has also suffered from decades of civil war and a brutal conflict with the Libyan regime of Muammar Gadhafi.

平均壽命只有49歲的乍得，被公認爲壽命最短的國家。乍得作爲一個沙漠國家，營養不良是導致平均壽命非常短的最大因素。乍得極其容易受到乾旱和其他自然災害。更糟糕的是，最近的鄰國蘇丹衝突造成相當嚴重的難民危機，數千民衆爲尋求安全而越境。乍得還遭受了數十年與卡扎菲政權的內戰和殘酷衝突。

As if that wasn't bad enough, Chad is in the middle of an HIV/AIDS epidemic. An estimated 3.4 percent of the adult population are living with the disease and over 120,000 children have lost their parents because of it. Water is an increasingly rare commodity—only around 4 percent of the rural population have a safe source of clean drinking water, leading to regular outbreaks of diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid fever. In a country where there is only one doctor for every 38,000 people, these diseases are heartrendingly deadly.

如果說這還不夠糟糕，乍得還盛行艾滋病。據估計3.4%的成年人都患有艾滋病，並且超過120000小孩因爲艾滋病失去父母。日常用水也變得越來越困難--大約只有4%農村人口有安全乾淨的飲水來源。飲用髒水導致他們經常腹瀉、霍亂和傷寒。這個國家，每38000人中只有一個醫生看病，而這些疾病都是致命的。

翻譯:夏久梅 來源：前十網