長得醜也是福？外媒稱帥哥找工作更易碰壁大綱

你可能會認爲長相英俊帥氣的男人在生活中有着天生的優勢。但一項新的研究表明，美貌並不總是放之四海而皆準的標杆，至少在找工作時，美貌並不一定能幫得上忙。

長相英俊的男性在競爭激烈的職場中成功面試得到一份工作的可能性不是很大，因爲他們對老闆而言是另一種威脅。

'It's not always an advantage to be pretty,' says Marko Pitesa, an assistant professor at the University of Maryland. 'It can backfire if you are perceived as a threat.'
“美貌並不總是優勢，如果老闆認爲你對他是一種威脅的話，可能會起到適得其反的作用，”馬里蘭大學的助理教授馬克奧·皮特薩說。

Interestingly, in Pitesa's study, it was male attractiveness in particular, rather than female beauty, that made the most difference.
有意思的是，皮特薩的研究認爲，英俊帥氣的男性美會造成最大的反作用，而不是女性美。

If the interviewer expected to work with the candidate as part of a team, then he preferred good-looking men.
如果面試官期望和候選者在一個團隊工作的話，那麼他比較青睞俊男帥哥們。

However, if the interviewer saw the candidate as a potential competitor, the interviewer discriminated in favour of unattractive men.
不過，如果面試官把候選者看作潛在的競爭對手的話，面試官偏袒長相不出衆的男性。

In the first experiment, 241 adults were asked to evaluate fictional job candidates based on fake qualifications and experience, in an online setting.
在第一個實驗中，241名成年人被要求在網上根據虛假的資歷和經驗來評估虛構的求職者。

Men evaluated men and women evaluated women. Interviewers were primed to either think of the candidate as a future co-operator or competitor, and they were given a computer-generated headshot that was either attractive or unattractive.
男性評男性，女性評女性。面試官們提前接到指令，要麼把候選者看作是未來的合作人，要麼把候選者看作是競爭對手，他們用電腦生成頭像，把頭像分爲英俊帥氣和沒有吸引力兩類。

'Kind of attractive and average, maybe slightly below average,' Pitesa clarifies - no supermodels.
把長相分爲長相帥氣、長相一般、長相醜這三類，這些人的長相中沒有超模長相的人。

A second experiment involved 92 people in a lab. They were asked to evaluate future competitors or partners in a quiz game, based on credentials that included sample quiz answers, and they saw similar headshots.
第二組實驗在實驗室進行，實驗對象92人。在問答遊戲中，讓他們根據個人簡歷、測驗答案、個人頭像，來評估未來的競爭對手和合作夥伴。

The patterns of discrimination based on perceived self-interest was the same.
基於自我利益的偏向模式是相同的。

Another test opened up to include men interviewing women and women interviewing men.
另外一項測試包括男性面試女性，女性面試男性。

There was still a preference to cooperate with the attractive man and compete against the unattractive man.
人們仍然傾向於與有魅力的男人合作，與沒有魅力的男人競爭。

A final experiment used photographs of actual European business school students, vetted for attractiveness, and found the same pattern.
最後一個實驗使用了真實的歐洲商學院學生的照片，經過吸引力測試，發現了相同的模式。

The results suggest that interviewers were not blinded by beauty, and instead calculated which candidate would further their own career.
結果表明，面試官並沒有被美貌迷惑雙眼，而是衡量哪位候選人會對自己的職業生涯有幫助。

'The dominant theoretical perspective in the social sciences for several decades has been that biases and discrimination are caused by irrational prejudice,' Pitesa says.
皮特薩說：“幾十年來，社會科學的主流理論觀點一直認爲，偏見和歧視是由非理性偏見造成的。”

'The way we explain it here, pretty men just seem more competent, so it is actually subjectively rational to discriminate for or against them.'
“我們在這裏要解釋的是，帥氣英俊的男人看起來能力更強，這樣的看法實際上是區別對待帥哥們的主觀理性的體現。”

On a deeper level, she adds, the behaviour remains irrational, since there's no evidence that a real link exists between looks and competence.
她還說道，在更深層面的意義上，這種主觀行爲是屬於非理性的，因爲沒有證據證明外表和能力之間真的有聯繫。