詞彙精選：excess的用法和辨析

一、詳細釋義：

adj.

英[ˈɛksɛs]；美[ˈɛkˌsɛs]

過量的；額外的；附加的

例句：

You'd better have the excess luggage checked.

多餘的行李最好託運。

例句：

The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight.

這個胖男孩節制飲食以減輕過量的體重。

n.

英[ɪkˈsɛs]；美[ɛkˈsɛs]

超越，超過 [U]

例句：

Last year's profits were in excess of one billion dollars.

去年的利潤超過了十億美元。

例句：

Our school has a student number in excess of 800.

我們學校的學生數超過八百人。

超額量 [U]

例句：

There's no excess to pay.

不需要付超重費。

過量，過剩 [U]

例句：

An excess of rain caused severe floods.

雨水過量造成了嚴重的水災。

（飲食等的）過度，無節制 [U,C]

例句：

An excess of fat in one's diet can lead to heart disease.

食物中脂肪過多會導致心臟病。

例句：

His excesses shortened his life.

飲食無度使他折壽。

過分的行爲；暴行

例句：

His excesses at parties are well known.

盡人皆知他在聚會上的過分行爲。

例句：

The excesses committed by the invaders will never be forgotten.

人們永遠不會忘記侵略軍犯下的暴行。

二、詞義辨析：

excess,surplus

這兩上名詞都有“過剩”或“過量”之意。excess指超過了限度、標準或界線。surplus通常指數量或量的過剩。

三、參考例句：

Luggage in excess of 20kg is taxed.

行李超過20公斤要付費。

The excess liquidity has been causing inflation.

流動性過剩造成了通貨膨脹。

She has an excess of anger.

她愛過度地生氣。

There's no excess to pay.

不需要付超重費。

An excess of rain caused severe floods.

雨水過量造成了嚴重的水災。

After cooking the fish, pour off any excess fat.

烹調完魚後，倒掉多餘的油。

He always spends in excess of his income.

他總是入不敷出。

The rate for excess baggage is $9 per kilogram.

超重行李費是每公斤 9 美元。

He struggled to vanquish an excess of violent emotion.

他在努力平息過於強烈的感情波動。

Eating a big meal may cause excess stomach acid production.

吃大餐可能導致胃酸過量。