新科諾貝爾文學獎得主對其政治影響力不樂觀

Svetlana Alexievich, the recently announced recipient of this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature and a prominent critic of Soviet and post-Soviet regimes, offered a bleak assessment of the political situations in Russia and her native Belarus while addressing journalists in Berlin on Saturday.

剛剛獲得今年諾貝爾文學獎的斯韋特蘭娜·阿列克謝耶維奇(Svetlana Alexievich)是前蘇聯與前蘇聯政權著名的批評者，週六，她在柏林接受記者採訪時，對俄羅斯與她的祖國白俄羅斯的政治局面發表了悲觀的意見。

“Every four years, new European officials come to power and think they can solve the Lukashenko problem without knowing that he is a man who is untrustworthy,” Ms. Alexievich said. She spoke on the eve of a presidential election in Belarus in which President Aleksandr G. Lukashenko, often referred to as Europe’s last dictator, is widely expected to win a fifth term.

“每過四年，新上任的歐盟官員都認爲他們能夠解決盧卡申科的問題，殊不知他根本就不是個值得信賴的人，”阿列克謝耶維奇說，週六正值白俄羅斯總統選舉前夕，現任總統亞歷山大·格里戈裏耶維奇·盧卡申科(Aleksandr G. Lukashenko)很有可能連續當選第五個任期，他往往被視爲歐洲的最後一個獨裁者。

Ms. Alexievich described Sunday’s election as a rigged contest. “No one doubts that Lukashenko will win,” she said. “To paraphrase Stalin, it’s unimportant who votes for whom; what matters is who counts the vote. I don’t think we can expect any surprises.”

阿列克謝耶維奇說，週日的選舉是一場非法操縱的競爭，“沒有人認爲盧卡申科會輸，”她說。“這和斯大林是一回事，誰爲他投票並不重要；重要的是誰來計票。我不認爲選舉結果會出現任何意外。”

European officials have said the European Union is prepared to suspend sanctions against Mr. Lukashenko after he released the country’s last political prisoners this year. A decision is expected before Oct. 31.

歐盟官員曾經表示，在盧卡申科於今年釋放該國最後一批政治犯之後，歐盟將會暫停對白俄羅斯的制裁。這個決定有望在10月31日之前做出。

Ms. Alexievich, who was awarded the Nobel for her sweeping nonfiction works about events like the Soviet-Afghan war and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, also described Russia as a place where “one can no longer speak of democracy” and “where ‘liberal’ is a dirty word.”

阿列克謝耶維奇因她的非虛構寫作而獲得諾貝爾文學獎，她的作品廣泛地描寫了阿富汗戰爭與切爾諾貝利核泄露事件等重大問題，在她筆下，俄羅斯是一個“人們再也不能談論民主”的地方，在那裏“‘自由’是一個壞字眼”。

“It isn’t about Putin,” said Ms. Alexievich, 67, referring to the Russian president, Vladimir V. Putin. “It’s about the collective Putin. He has a huge approval rating, perhaps 80 percent.”

“這不是關於普京，”67歲的阿列克謝耶維奇說起俄羅斯總統符拉迪米爾·V. 普京(Vladimir V. Putin)。“這是關於羣體對普京的支持。他擁有極高的支持率，大概在80%左右。”

“I now understand what Hannah Arendt meant when she talked about ‘dark times.’ Russia is now living in dark times,” she added, referring to the German-born political philosopher who wrote about totalitarianism.

“我現在明白漢娜·阿倫特(Hannah Arendt)所謂的‘黑暗時代’是什麼了。俄羅斯現在就處於黑暗時代，”她補充說道；漢娜·阿倫特是生於德國的政治哲學家，曾經寫過關於集權主義的專著。

Because of her criticism of the government in Belarus, where press freedoms are under constant threat, Ms. Alexievich spent a decade in exile in Italy, France and Sweden, among other places. That time widened her horizons, she said, and helped her to “see the world in color.”

在白俄羅斯，出版自由常年受到威脅。由於批評政府，阿列克謝耶維奇在意大利、法國和瑞典等地度過了十年的流放歲月。她說，這段時間拓寬了自己的視野，讓她“見識了這個多彩的世界”。

Yet for most of her life, Ms. Alexievich has lived in the Belarussian capital, Minsk. It is only by being there and speaking to people, she said, that she can express the realities of their lives. “How people actually live — you can’t find that on the computer,” she said Saturday.

然而她人生的大部分時間還是在白俄羅斯的首都明斯克度過。她說，只有生活在那裏，並與人們交談，她才能夠表現人們的現實生活。“人們的真實生活是怎樣的，在電腦上可找不到，”星期六接受採訪時，她說。

Since 1994, her books have not been published in Belarus.

自1994年起，她的書在白俄羅斯被禁止出版。

Though she said she hoped that winning the Nobel Prize could mean expanded protection for her and other dissenting voices, Ms. Alexievich said she was less optimistic about whether the award could make a larger difference in political terms.

儘管她說，她希望這一次獲得諾貝爾獎能夠幫助她與其他異見者獲得更廣泛的保護，但她也說，自己對這個獎在政治層面能否產生更大影響不甚樂觀。

“I’ve won a lot of international prizes, and that had no impact on our authorities, our government,” she said.

“我曾經獲得過很多國際獎項，但我們的當局和政府完全沒有受到影響，”她說。