10位改變世界的諾貝爾獎得主(下)

International Committee of the Red Cross

3.國際紅十字會

In a world ripped apart by war, the Red Cross did its part to heal many, many wounds. The organization won Nobel Peace Prizes in 1917, 1944 and 1963 for its humanitarian services.

戰爭過後，滿目瘡痍，紅十字會實施人道主義援助，救助了無數傷患人士，於1917年、1944年及1963年獲得諾貝爾和平獎。

Founded in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1863, the Red Cross is committed to aiding wounded and sick people, regardless of nationality, in times of war.

紅十字會於1863年成立於瑞士日內瓦，致力於戰時救助各國傷病員。

The Red Cross doesn't help only military personnel; it also seeks to alleviate the suffering of civilians caught up in the strife of violent conflicts.

紅十字會不只幫助軍人，也會幫助暴力衝突中的平民受害者，爲他們緩解痛苦。

Its volunteers also visited prisoner-of-war camps to ensure humane treatment of captives, and they even arranged for prisoner exchanges.

志願者還會探訪戰俘集中營，確保俘虜不會遭到非人待遇，甚至還會安排交換囚犯。

The Red Cross tracked POWs, delivered mail to prison camps and generally served as a vital link between families and soldiers during war.

在戰爭中，紅十字會追蹤戰俘情形，給戰俘集中營發郵件，並且是士兵和其家人聯繫的重要紐帶。

As war spread across the globe, the Red Cross proved that the better side of humanity could persist in the face of bullets and bombs.

戰火瀰漫全世界時，紅十字會向世人宣告：即便戰火紛飛，人道主義永存。

rt Einstein

2.阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦

From a physics perspective, Albert Einstein helped to overhaul not just the entire world but also the entire universe.

從物理學角度來看，阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦改變的不只是全世界，而是全宇宙。

His concepts were so far-reaching that, in some ways, they turned our perception of the very nature of reality inside out.

他的觀點影響深遠，某種程度上，顛覆了我們對世界本質的認知。

Einstein went to school to receive a teaching degree for chemistry and math. When he couldn't find a job, he went to work at the Swiss patent office.

愛因斯坦大學獲得了化學及數學教學學位，找工作遇到難題，遂進入瑞士專利局工作。

There, in his spare time, his busy mind took up big questions in theoretical physics.

工作之餘，愛因斯坦便在思索理論物理的大問題。

Einstein discovered mass-energy equivalence and also tackled theories of relativity.

他發現了質能等價性，並提出相對論。

He won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the photoelectric effect, which refers to the ejection of electrons from another material in response to light.

因成功解釋了光電效應（金屬表面在光輻照作用下發射電子的效應），愛因斯坦於1921年獲得諾貝爾物理學獎。

His explanation demonstrated that light is made of particles, which then led to the development of the photoelectric cell. This, in turn, resulted in countless inventions, including television, motion Pictures and many others.

他的解釋證明光具有粒子性，光電池、電視、電影等的發明就得益於此。

Perhaps more importantly, his research evolved our understanding of physics, including quantum theory.

更重要的是，愛因斯坦的研究革新了人們對量子論等物理學的理解。

His forward thinking didn't just nudge science and technology forward; it shoved those disciplines into entirely new territory.

他的前瞻性思維不僅推動了科技發展，還促使各學科進入全新領域。

e Curie

1.瑪麗·居里

Marie Curie was a selfless, quiet woman. She was also a brilliant scientist.

瑪麗·居里是一個無私、文靜的女人，也是一名偉大的科學家。

Not only did her work transform the way scientists viewed our world, but she also stands as a cultural gatecrasher for the ages.

她的工作改變了科學家看待世界的方式，她也成爲“男子掌權”年代的不速之客。

Curie, a French-Polish scientist, was born in 1867 and spent much of her professional life investigating the principles of radioactivity.

瑪麗·居里是法國籍波蘭科學家，出生於1867年，一生致力於放射性研究。

In 1903, she and her husband Pierre, along with Henri Becquerel, received the Nobel Prize for their physics work on radiation-related phenomena.

1903年，瑪麗·居里和丈夫皮埃爾·居里和亨利·貝可勒爾因研究放射性現象共同獲得諾貝爾獎。

As if one Nobel wasn't enough, in 1911, she snagged the Nobel in chemistry for her discoveries of radium and polonium.

一個諾貝爾獎好像不夠，1911年，瑪麗·居里因發現鐳和釙又獲得諾貝爾化學獎。

This time, she didn't have to share it with anyone, making her one of very few people to have won prizes in two different fields.

這一次，她不用跟任何人分享這個獎項，成爲兩個不同領域的諾貝爾獎得主，舉世罕見。

At the outbreak of World War I, she used her radiation knowledge to construct mobile X-ray machines for the battlefield.

一戰爆發時，居里夫人利用放射學，研究出可移動的X光機用於戰場救助。

She did much of the X-ray work herself and also trained other women to take X-rays, helping doctors find bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers.

她不僅自己進行X光工作，還訓練其他女人照X光，幫醫生找到傷員體內子彈及彈片位置。

In an era when women were in many ways considered inferior to men, Curie more than proved her worth and left a scientific legacy that continues to affect medicine and technology in untold ways.

在世人認爲女子不如男的時代，居里夫人不僅證明了自己的價值，還給世界留下了寶貴的科學遺產，推動醫學和技術等各方面發展。

And her genius was contagious -- her daughter, Irene Joliot-Curie, received a Nobel in chemistry in 1935.

居里夫人的天賦還遺傳給了女兒伊倫·約里奧-居里，伊倫於1935年獲得諾貝爾化學獎。

Curie is a figurehead for the Nobel Prize. She, along with all of the other Nobel winners, stands as evidence that this prestigious prize can highlight humankind's best achievements.

居里夫人是諾貝爾獎的靈魂人物，與衆多諾獎獲得者一起，向世人證明這一著名獎項見證了人類最偉大的成就。