亞洲去年鯨吞全球近四分之一FDI

Asia's fast-growing economies gobbled up almost a quarter of the world's foreign direct investment in 2011, up substantially from five years ago in a sign of how investors rate the region compared to the rest of the world.

2011年，亞洲快速增長的經濟體鯨吞了全球近四分之一的外商直接投資(FDI)，和五年前相比出現大幅增長，從中可見投資者在同世界其它地區進行比較時是如何評價這一地區的。

The figures come from a United Nations Conference on Trade and Development report released Thursday that compiles global FDI figures.

上述數字來自聯合國貿易和發展會議(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 簡稱：貿發會議)週四公佈的一份報告，報告編制了全球的FDI數據。

East and Southeast Asian economies received $336 billion from offshore investors in 2011, a 14% increase from 2010. That made up 22% of the world's total FDI, down a tad from the 22.5% global share in 2010. Add in South Asia, and Asia's share of all the cross-border investment flow in the world was 24.6%. Five years ago, in 2007, Asia took in 13.7% of the world's FDI.

2011年東亞和東南亞經濟體從境外投資者那裏收到了3,360億美元的資金，比2010年增長了14%。這一數字在全球FDI總量中佔比22%，略低於2010年22.5%的佔比。如果算上南亞地區，整個亞洲地區吸收的投資在全球所有跨境投資流中的佔比達到24.6%。而五年前的2007年，亞洲地區在全球FDI中的佔比只有13.7%。

Asia has built its share of the total pie partially on declines elsewhere, but also on a change in the type of investment flowing the region.

亞洲地區在全球FDI中的佔比所以上升，部分原因是其它地區所佔比重在下降，同時也因爲流入該地區投資的類型發生了變化。

In the past, Western companies invested in Asia to take advantage of low labor costs to export goods back to home. Increasingly, they are investing in the region to sell products locally.

過去，西方企業投資亞洲主要是爲了利用這一地區低廉的勞動力成本，以便將產品重新出口至本國國內。現在，越來越多的企業投資這一地區就是爲了在當地銷售產品。

"There's almost an imperative for Western companies to have a presence in Asia to exploit the growing consumer market," says Frederic Neumann, cohead of economic research for Asia at HSBC. "That's why you see the jump in the share of FDI," he says.

匯豐(HSBC)亞洲經濟研究聯席主管範力民(Frederic Neumann)說，對西方企業來說，進入亞洲，利用這裏不斷壯大的消費市場幾乎可以說是勢在必行，這就是我們看到亞洲地區吸收的投資在全球FDI中的佔比躥升的原因。

Globally, the coveted pot of cross border investment gold rose 16% to $1.52 trillion, still below the 2007 peak of almost $2 trillion in 2007. Last year's flows were above the three-year average of 2005-2007 for the first time since the global financial crisis, the U.N. noted.

全球跨境投資總量去年上升了16%，至1.52萬億美元，不過仍然低於2007年近2萬億美元的峯值。貿發會議指出，去年流入亞洲地區的投資數量是全球金融危機以來首次超過2005年至2007年三年平均值。

FDI is a critical measure of how outsiders perceive an economy and can be a critical source of capital for poor economies, countries with low savings rates, and economies with current account deficits, such as Vietnam and India.

FDI是外部投資者衡量某國經濟一個至關重要的指標。對於貧困國家、儲蓄率較低的國家以及越南和印度等經常項目赤字的國家來說，FDI也是獲得資本的重要來源。

Foreign direct investment is made up of long-term economic bets such as building a factory or buying a company. Unlike investment in a stock or bond market, FDI is sticky, meaning it doesn't flee at the first sign of a panic or a downturn.

構成FDI的資金包括對一國經濟的長期投資，比如建造一座工廠或收購一家公司的花費。與投資股市或債市的資金不同，FDI具有粘性，意味着這部分資金不會一看到恐慌或經濟低迷的跡象就出逃。

"The contribution to GDP growth is actually is quite substantial," says Mr. Neumann. "FDI is a major ingredient in Asia's recipe for success," he says, noting that the money often also comes with technology that gets adopted by local businesses, which in turn spawn new industry clusters and boost productivity generally in the economy.

範力民說，FDI對一國國內生產總值(GDP)的貢獻實際上相當可觀。FDI是亞洲走向成功的主要原因之一。他同時指出，FDI常常會同當地企業採納的技術一同被引入，這反過來又能催生新的產業集羣，提高經濟體的整體生產力。

National governments published individual FDI figures from 2011 in recent months. But the U.N.'s aggregated figures give a glimpse into how regions of the world compare and how countries within regions compare.

近幾個月來，各國政府紛紛發佈2011年所在國吸收的FDI數據。但貿發會議發佈的彙總數據讓我們一窺內情，得以比較全球主要地區去年吸收FDI的情況，同時得以比較某一地區內國與國之間的情況。

For instance, East Asia, led predominately by China, continued to see a healthy increase in FDI in 2011, up 9% last year. Meantime, resurgent Southeast Asian economies as a group including Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia, grew even faster, up 26%.

例如，中國主導的東亞地區2011年FDI仍然呈現健康增長，增幅達9%。與此同時，經濟復甦的東南亞國家（包括印尼、新加坡和馬來西亞等）作爲一個整體增速更快，達到26%。

Asia's gain over the past five years was at the expense of the European Union, which has seen its share of global FDI fall from 42% in 2007 to 28% last year. (EU FDI inflows surged 32% to 421 billion in 2011, though still far below the 2007 peak level of $854 billion.)

過去五年亞洲吸收的FDI之所以能不斷增加，原因之一是歐盟吸收的FDI數量在下降。後者在全球FDI中所佔比重從2007年的42%下降到去年的28%（流入歐盟的FDI去年大漲32%，至4,210億美元，但仍然大幅低於2007年8,540億美元的峯值）。

Another weak spot was North Africa, where political upheaval caused investors to put just under $8 billion in 2011, almost half 2010's flow and less than a third of what it was from 2006 to 2008.

另一個弱點地區是北非。北非的政治動盪導致2011僅投資者向這一地區投資不到80億美元，這幾乎只相當於2010年的一半，不到2006年至2008年的三分之一。

The other investment global investment hotspot is Latin America, where the share of FDI was 14.2% in 2011, up from 8.7% in 2007.

另一個全球投資熱點是拉丁美洲，其2011年吸收的FDI在全球佔比達到14.2%，高於2007年的8.7%。

On the flipside, East and Southeast Asia have also become more important sources of FDI into other countries, accounting globally for $240 billion or 14.2% of total FDI flows. That's down a tad from 2010's 16.7% global share, but well above the 7.9% share from 2007.

另一方面，東亞和東南亞地區也成爲向其它國家輸出FDI的重要來源，其在全球進行的FDI達到2,400億美元，在全球FDI總量中的佔比達到14.2%，略低於2010年16.7%的比例，但遠高於2007年7.9%的比重。

Countries that supply FDI to other nations are perceived to have clout as economic players. The U.S. supplied 30% more FDI in 2011 compared to 2010, nearly $400 billion, or almost a quarter of all FDI outflows on the planet.

向其它國家提供FDI的國家通常被認爲是具備影響力的經濟大國。美國在2011年提供的FDI比2010年增加了30%，接近4,000億美元，幾乎是去年全球FDI總量的四分之一。