中英雙語話中國影視演藝圈 第11期:張石川

Zhang Shichuan (1888 ~1950)

張石川（1889?1954)

Zhang Shichuan's birth name was Zhang Weitong, and he was born on January 1 of 1890 in the city of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. When he was 16, his father died, and the boy was sent to Shanghai to live with his unde who found him a job in a textile factory. He could speak English fluently at 17 because of his brightness and diligence. In 1913, the Asia Film Company was established by American in Shanghai and he was employed as their adviser and company Chief Operation Officer.

張石川，原名張偉通，1890年1月1日生於浙江寧波，中國電影事業的開拓者，中國最早期導演之一。

In the same year he directed the first Chinese feature film The Couple in the Hard Times, cooperaed with Zheng Zhengqiu. In 1916 he set up his own Huanxian Film Company and made the famous film, Victims of Opium uncovering opium poison.

16歲時，張石川父親病逝，被送往上海與舅舅生活，並在紡織廠找到一份工作。由於他聰明好學，17歲就學得一口流利英語。 1913年23歲時受聘於美國人在上海創辦的亞細亞影戲公司，擔任公司顧問並主持公司製片業務。

In March, 1922, Zhang Shichuan joined with Zheng Zhengqiu, Zhou Jianyun, Zheng Zhegu and Ren Jinping to establish their own film studio, which they called Star and he occupied the general manager and director, where he directed the first long Chinese feature film, Orphan Rescues Grandfather in 1923 which was a great success. In 1925 he finished Lonely Orchid, which was the representative work of China's early silent films. Star Film Company produced over 200 films within 16 years where he finished directing the first Chinese swordsmen film, The Burning of Red Lotus Temple (18 serials) in 1928, which made Chinese sowordsmen films popular.

同年，與鄭正秋合作拍攝中國第一部故事片《難夫難妻》。1916年，張石川自己成立幻仙影片公司，並拍攝了揭露鴉片毒害的著名影片《黑籍冤魂》。

In 1930 the first Chinese sound film Singing Girl Red Peony was successfully made by him. In February, 1932, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded, selected him as one of the executive committee member. Influenced by the leftist movement of film in the anti-Japanese movement, he directed the progressive films, Cosmetics Market, The New Year's Gift (Ya Sui Qian) , etc. In 1937 Star Film Company was ruined in the flames of war, he joined Guohua film Company With part of his remainders and directed Li Sanniang, Three Charming Smiles, A

1922年3月，與鄭正秋、周劍雲、鄭鷓 鴣和任矜蘋等人在上海建立明星影片公司， 任總經理兼導演。1923年，他在明星公司拍攝中國第一部長故事片《孤兒救祖記》， 獲得巨大成功。1925年完成中國早期無聲電影（默片）的代表作《空谷蘭》。明星影片公司在近16年時間裏拍攝了 200多部影 片，1928年導演中國第一部武俠片《火燒紅蓮寺》，並連續拍了 18集，由此掀起了中國武俠片熱。

Dancing-girl's Fate, The Night, etc. In 1942, he became the head of the sub-studio of the General Chinese Union Film Production Stock Company and took charge of a directive post. And later after 1946, he directed two films in the Hong Kong China Film Company and finally the Shanghai Datong Film Company which were, An All-consuming Love and Women in Trouble Times, etc.

1930年，導演中國第一部有聲片《歌女紅牡丹》。1932年2月，中國電影文化協會在上海成立，他被選爲執行委員。抗日救亡運動中，受左翼電影運 動影響,拍攝了《脂粉市場》、《壓歲錢》等進步影片。1937年明星影片公司總廠毀於戰火。他帶着殘存的部分機械和物資加人國華影片公司，拍攝了《李三娘》、《三笑》、《花濺淚》、《夜深沉》等影片。1942年，出任中華聯合制片股份公司分廠廠長兼導演製片部長，導演《燕歸來》、《芳草碧血》、《英雄美人》等影片。1946年後，爲香港大中華影業公司和上海大同影業公司導演了《長相思》、《亂世的女性》等影 片。

As one of the Chinese film pioneers and the outstanding one of China's 1st generation directors, Zhang Shichuan directed 156 feature films, including both the long and short ones. From 1913 when he began to work at films at the age of 23 to the year 1953, he devoted all his energy and efforts to Chinese films. As a film entrepreneur, he originated Star Film Company which had preformed quite a lot of feats then in the Chinese film history. It was also the one which ran the longest in those days and became one of the largest Chinese production companies during the 1920s and 1930s in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

作爲中國電影的開拓者和中國第一代導演中的佼佼者，從1913年23歲開始從事電影事業至1953年去世張石川一生共導演長短故事片156部，爲中國電影事業獻出了畢生的精力。作爲一個電影事業家，他創辦的“明星影片公司”赫赫有名，佔據了中國電影史上的重要篇章，是當時中國營業時間最長，也是上海、香港二十世紀二、三十年代最大的電影公司之一。

Emerging along with Dazhonghua Baihe( 1925), and Tianyi Film Company (1925), Star had became the leading film studio in China by the early 1930s, the Lianhua Film Company (founded in 1929, combination of Huabei Film, Ltd. of Luo Mingyou, Xinmin Film Company of Li Minwei, Dazhonghua Baihe of Wu Xingzai and Shanghai Shadow Play Company of Duyu) as a close second.

雖然與大中華百合（1925）和天一影片公司（1925）同時起步，但明星影片公司成爲二十世紀三十年代早期中國電影業最早出現的“霸主”，聯華影業公司（1929），羅明佑的華北電影有限公司、黎民偉的民新影片公司、吳性栽的大中華百合影片公司、杜宇的上海影戲公司等電影機構合併而成）屈尊第二。

He also started the famous film magazine Monthly to strengthen film propaganda and opened the earliest Chinese film artistic training class, exerting himself to train and find the new. Zhang Shichuan was, therefore, genuinely the first director artist and the first film entrepreneur in Chinese film History.

他還創辦了著名影刊《明星月刊》以加強電影宣傳，開辦了中國最早的電影演 藝訓練班，着力培養和發現新人。因此，張石川在中國電影史上是名副其實的第一個導演藝術家和第一個電影企業家。