雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第3章:思考什麼是思考(65)
Kenneth Harrison was also acquainted with some of Russell’s ideas, and he and Alan would spend hours discussing them.
Rather to Alan’s annoyance, however, he would ask ‘but what use is it?’ Alan would say quite happily that of course it was completely useless.
相比於艾倫的苦惱，他只會問"這玩意有什麼用？"，而艾倫則笑着說，它當然完全沒用。But he must also have talked to more enthusiastic listeners, for in the autumn of 1933 he was invited to read a paper to the Moral Science Club.
不過，艾倫也有熱情的聽衆，因爲在1933年秋天，他受邀到道德科學俱樂部讀一篇論文。
This was a rare honour for any undergraduate, especially one from outside the faculty of Moral Sciences, as philosophy and its allied disciplines were called at Cambridge.
這對於本科生來說，是一項殊榮，特別是他並不是來自哲學或相關的專業。It would have been a quite unnerving experience, speaking in front of professional philosophers, but he wrote with customary sangfroid to his mother:
在專業哲學家面前演講，是一件很恐怖的事，但艾倫帶着他特有的冷靜寫信給母親：26/11/33
1933年11月26日… I am reading a paper to the Moral Science Club on Friday. Something by way of being Mathematical Philosophy. I hope they don’t know it all allready.
……星期五我要給道德科學俱樂部讀一篇論文，一些大概關於數學哲學的東西。但願他們不要都聽過了。The minutes24 of the Moral Science Club recorded that on Friday 1 December 1933:
道德科學俱樂部記錄了1933年12月1日星期五的情況：The sixth meeting of the Michaelmas term was held in Mr Turing’s rooms in King’s College.
秋季第一學期第六次會議，在國王學院圖靈先生的房間舉行。A.M. Turing read a paper on ‘Mathematics and logic’.
A.M.圖靈讀了一篇關於"數學和邏輯"的論文。He suggested that a purely logistic view of mathematics was inadequate; and that mathematical propositions possessed a variety of interpretations, of which the logistic was merely one. A discussion followed.
他認爲，僅從純邏輯的角度看待數學是不夠的，數學命題有很多不同的解釋，邏輯學只是其中一個。詳細討論附在後面。R.B. Braithwaite (signed).
R.B.佈列斯威特（簽名）Richard Braithwaite, the philosopher of science, was a young Fellow of King’s; and it might well have been through him that the invitation was made.
裏查德·佈列斯威特，科學哲學家，一個年輕的國王的研究員，可能正是他邀請的艾倫。Certainly, by the end of 1933, Alan Turing had his teeth into two parallel problems of great depth. Both in quantum physics and in pure mathematics, the task was to relate the abstract and the physical, the symbolic and the real.
無疑，在1933年末，艾倫·圖靈致力於量子物理和純數學這兩個領域，進行了非常深入的思考，試圖建立抽象與具體，符號與實物之間的聯繫。German mathematicians had been at the centre of this enquiry, as in all mathematics and science.
德國科學家是這個領域的核心，甚至是整個科學界的核心。But as 1933 closed, that centre was a gaping, jagged hole, with Hilbert’s Gttingen ruined.
但是隨着1933年的到來，希爾伯特所在的哥廷根毀掉了，核心變成了一個下水井蓋。John von Neumann had left for America, never to return, and others had arrived in Cambridge.
馮·諾伊曼遠赴美國，不再回來，還有一些人則來到劍橋。‘There are several distinguished German Jews coming to Cambridge this year,’ wrote Alan on 16 October. Two at least to the mathematical faculty, viz. Born and Courant.’
10月16日，艾倫寫道：“有幾位傑出的猶太人今年到劍橋來了，至少有兩位分到了數學系，波恩和柯朗。”He might well have attended the lectures on quantum mechanics that Born gave that term, or those of Courant on differential equations the next term.
他這學期可以好好聽波恩的量子物理講座了，下學期還可以聽柯朗注的微分方程。Born went on to Edinburgh, and Schrdinger to Oxford, but most exiled scientists found America more accommodating than Britain.
波恩到了愛丁堡，薛定諤到了牛津，但是大部分逃亡科學家發現，還是美國比英國更歡迎自己。The Institute for Advanced Study, at Princeton University, grew particularly quickly.
因此，普林斯頓大學的高級研究院，在這一時期飛速發展。When Einstein took up residence there in 1933, the physicist Langevin commented, ‘It is as important an event as would be the transfer of the Vatican from Rome to the New World.
當愛因斯坦1933年在那裏居住時，物理學家朗之萬評論道：“這是一個重大的事件，就像梵蒂岡走出羅馬，走向新世界一樣。The Pope of physics has moved and the United States will become the centre of the natural sciences.’
物理學的磁極轉移了，美國將會成爲自然科學的中心。”It was not Jewish ancestry alone that attracted the interference of Nazi officialdom, but scientific ideas themselves, even in the philosophy of mathematics:
猶太人不光是種族受到了納粹官方的干預，甚至還包括科學觀點本身，比如在數學哲學領域：A number of mathematicians met recently at Berlin University to consider the place of their science in the Third Reich.
最近一些數學家在柏林大學見面，討論他們在第三德國的科研場所。It was stated that German mathematics would remain those of the ‘Faustian man’, that logic alone was no sufficient basis for them, and that the Germanic intuition which had produced the concepts of infinity was superior to the logical equipment which the French and Italians had brought to bear on the subject.
他們宣稱，德國數學家願做浮士德。僅有邏輯基礎對他們來說是不夠的，德國人靠直覺產生無限的概念，這要比法國人和意大利人的邏輯方法優秀許多。Mathematics was a heroic science which reduced chaos to order.
數學是一門偉大的科學，它能減少混亂。National Socialism had the same task and demanded the same qualities.
社會主義的任務同樣是減少混亂，So the ‘spiritual connexion’ between them and the New Order was established—by a mixture of logic and intuition
所以根據直覺和邏輯的共同作用，他們和新秩序之間的"靈魂聯結"已經建立了……To English minds, the wonder was that any state or party could interest itself in abstract ideas.
這讓英國人很驚訝，一個政黨居然也對數學感興趣。
