遠離擁擠 盤點全球十大世外桃源之地(下)

heg, Russia

3.俄羅斯科夫切格

Kovcheg Village began back in 2001 when four families leased a 297 acres (120 hectares) plot of land from the government for a period of 49 years, free of charge.

2001年，有四個家庭向政府租用了297英畝（120公頃）的地皮，租期爲49年，無需任何費用，自那時起便有了科夫切格村。

It's situated some 87 miles (140 km) southwest of Moscow, in the Kaluga region.

這個村子位於莫斯科西南部87英里（140公里）外，在卡盧加地區。

Each home is given a surface area of one hectare (2.5 acre) to grow their food and which is more than enough to even produce surplus.

每個家庭都分到1公頃（2.5英畝）地皮來種糧食，這足以生產充足的糧食了，甚至還能產生盈餘。

About 40 families (120 people) live in Kovcheg full time and a total of 80 (200 people) during summer.

約有40戶家庭（120人）一直生活在科夫切格村，另外共有80戶家庭（200人）來這個村裏度過夏天。

Some 15 children have already been born in the community and others are on the way.

這個村子裏已有15個新生兒，並且還將迎來更多的新生命。

The founder of this eco-village was a successful business man from Moscow, who for the sake of his child's health and happiness, moved far away from the city.

這個生態村由一個富有的莫斯科商人建成，他爲了自己小孩的健康和幸福，搬離了市區。

Today he is a beekeeper and gardener. Among the other residents, we can also find a former wrestler, a former German fashion model, a former parliamentary hopeful, and a former opera singer.

如今他成爲了一個養蜂人和園丁。在其他居民中，還有前摔跤手、前德國時裝模特、前議會候選人和前歌劇演唱家。

Besides following an eco-friendly lifestyle they also take care of the surrounding forests by cleaning the slash, removing diseased trees and planting new ones.

除了遵循生態友好的生活方式，這裏的居民還要通過清潔溼地、移除腐敗木頭和種植新樹來保護村子周邊的森林。

The also stop illegal lumbering in the area and operate their own sawmill and woodworking shop.

這裏禁止非法盜伐林木，不過居民們可以自己經營一些鋸木廠和木工車間。

hana Family, Japan

2.日本木之花家園

In 1994, 20 members founded Kanohana Family. It's located at the foot of Japan's Mount Fuji and is home to over 80 individuals; 25 of which being children.

1994年，20名成員成立了木之花家園。它位於日本富士山腳下，現在是超過80個人的家園，其中25人爲兒童。

The name "Konohana" comes from the goddess of the mountain, "Konohana Sakuyahime no Mikoto" who was once believed to inhabit Mt. Fiji.

"木之花"一名源於山上的女神。人們一度相信"木花咲耶姬命"是居住在富士山上的主神。

The community has a very tightly knit lifestyle and collective economy, sharing meals, quarters and finances.

該社區有着非常嚴謹的生活方式並採用集體經濟，他們共享食物、住所和資金。

This way they are able to reduce their ecological footprint down to a third of that of an average Japanese and one sixth of an average American.

如此一來，他們能夠將生態足跡降至日本平均水平的三分之一以及美國平均水平的六分之一。

In other words and by following the same measurements, they are a 0.8 when the rest of Japan is at 2.4 and USA at 4.8.

換言之，按同樣測定方法，他們的人均生態足跡爲0.8 gha（世界公頃），而日本其他地區爲人均2.4 gha，美國則爲人均4.8 gha。

Here, one is equal to 100% of the planet's bio-capacity. Or to help you understand even better; if everybody lived like the average Japanese person, we would need about 2.4 Earths to sustain our way of life. The world average today is about 1.6 by the way.

這裏，1個單位等於整個地球的生物承載量的100%。或者，爲了便於理解，可以這麼說，如果每個人都像普通日本人一樣生活，我們將需要約2.4個地球來維持我們的生活方式。當前，世界平均水平約爲1.6個地球。

On the other hand, North Korea and Cuba both score also a 0.8 on this scale, but unlike these countries, the Konohana Family lives a life of plenty and abundance, in perfect harmony and equilibrium with nature.

在另一方面，朝鮮和古巴在這一方面也處於0.8的水平。但與這些國家不同的是，木之花家園生活富足，與自然達到了完美和諧與平衡。

On their 16 hectare (40 acre) plot of land, they cultivate over 260 types of vegetables and grains, 10 types of rice, free-range eggs, pure honey, and miso (fermented soy paste), soy-sauce, and other processed food, produced with traditional methods. The only things they buy from the store are: sugar, salt and some other spices.

在一片佔地僅爲16公頃（即40英畝）的土地上，他們種植了超過260種蔬菜和穀物以及10種大米，並通過散養的方式來獲取雞蛋，提取純蜂蜜，並製作大醬（一種發酵豆製品醬）、醬油和其他加工食品。而這一切都採用傳統方法生產。他們僅僅需要從商店購買糖、鹽以及其他一些調料。

They also use "Konohana-kin" (Konohana-microorganisms), an original cultured microorganism solution.

他們還使用"木之花菌"（即木之花微生物），即通過一種原始方法來培養微生物。

This substance is used everywhere: in their livestock feed and water, for the fermentation process of natural fertilizers, and especially as a lacto-bacillus beverage good their health and general well-being.

這種物質被廣泛使用在他們的牲畜飼料和飲水中、天然肥料的發酵過程中，尤其可以作爲一種乳酸菌飲料對他們的健康和幸福十分有益。

hships, United States

1.美國地球之船

Michael Reynolds is a famous architect who, for the last 45 years, has been developing the perfect model for a house. In his mind, a home should take care of its owners and not the other way around.

邁克爾·雷諾茲(Michael Reynolds)是一位著名的建築師，在過去的45年中，他建造出了一所堪稱是房屋典範的建築。在他看來，一個房子只要滿足其主人的生活就已經足夠。

Today his model is being used in many parts of the globe, but this couldn't have been possible if he didn't spent so many years in the New Mexico desert, constantly improving his designs.

如今，他的建築模型已被用在世界各地許多地方。但若不是他耗費數年在新墨西哥州沙漠日以繼夜地改進他的設計，這一切都不可能發生。

To start off, all of his dwellings are made out of at least 45% recycled materials –giving the Earthship a negative carbon footprint right from the start.

建造初期，他所有的住宅都是用至少45%的再生材料所製造，這使得從一開始他的地球之船就處在負碳足跡一列。

The rest are found in the immediate vicinity of the building (lowering the CO2 emissions to a minimum).

其餘材料都是在該建築物附近找到的（這能夠將二氧化碳排放量降至最低）。

Most of these buildings are completely independent from all municipal utilities and are able to produce everything for their inhabitants.

其大多數建築都完全獨立於所有市政公用事業，並且能夠爲其居民生產一切所需。

They even enhance the soil around them thanks to the botanical cells which contain, treat and reuse sewage via biological processes resulting in greenery all around the house.

由於植物細胞通過生物過程吸收、淨化並重複利用污水，它們甚至能改善周圍的土壤，有助於房屋四周的綠化。

And that's not all! The Earthship house is able to harness its own electricity and fresh water, not to mention to regulate the temperature inside depending on the weather and even to produce a significant amount of food.

而這還不是全部！生命之船能夠自己控制電力和淡水供應，更不用說根據天氣變化調節室內溫度了，它甚至能生產足量的食物。

Michael Reynolds realized early on that the way we live our lives is nowhere near to sustainability and when push came to shove, eco living will become extremely expensive for the average person.

邁克爾·雷諾茲早就認識到我們當前的生活方式與可持續發展甚爲遙遠。倘若繼續這樣發展下去，對普通人來說，生態生活將變得非常昂貴。

That's why he embarked on this road and made it his life's mission to design and create the truly self-sufficient house for everyone.

這就是爲什麼他走上了這條路，並將設計和建造能夠爲每個人自給自足的房屋作爲他的使命。