盤點全球十大特種部隊(下)

2 – Canada

5.加拿大聯合特遣部隊

Created in 1993 and expanded to several hundred members following the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, Canada's Joint Task Force 2 is an elite counter-terrorism and special operations unit. Composed of military personnel from the Canadian Forces, JTF2 undertakes a range of operations. They have been known to escort VIPs and provide site security at events like the 2010 Winter Olympics. More covertly, they have operated in many world hotspots, whether it be rescuing hostages in Iraq or hunting down Serbian snipers in Bosnia. The force's time in Afghanistan is largely guarded but it is known they were involved before most ground forces arrived and worked beside other special forces, like the US Navy SEALs. Their operations were so secret that even the Canadian Prime Minister was unaware the force was involved in Afghanistan during the early days.

加拿大聯合特遣部隊（JTF2）於1993年建立。2001年“9·11”事件後，隨即擴編數百名成員。該部隊是支反恐特種精英部隊，由加拿大軍事人員組成，承擔着一系列任務：衆所周知的包括爲各國政要提供安保服務，參與2010年冬奧會之類的大型活動現場保衛工作；此外，他們還在全球多個熱點地區參與了多項行動，但不論是在伊拉克解救人質還是在波斯尼亞追捕塞爾維亞狙擊手，這些任務大都不爲人所知。加拿大聯合特遣部隊駐紮在阿富汗的時候大多隻是從事監視活動，但在地面大部隊到達之前，他們也與美國海豹突擊隊之類的其他特種部隊一同工作。加拿大總理在早些時候甚至對他們曾參與阿富汗行動一事一無所知，由此可見該部隊行動之隱祕。

a Group – Russia

4.俄羅斯阿爾法小組

What about the Spetsnaz? Well, to keep it simple, any list which gives 'Spetsnaz' as a distinct force is just plain wrong as that term is a general name for all Soviet/Russian special-forces. Within the Russian special-forces, Alpha Group is as bad as they come. This force started out in the mid-1970s and came to fame during the invasion of Afghanistan during which members of Alpha stormed the Presidential Palace in Kabul, killing everyone in the building. In 1985, a group was dispatched to Beirut to try and rescue four Soviet diplomats. When the diplomats were killed, Alpha Group allegedly hunted down relatives of the hostage takers and returned them to their families in much smaller pieces to send a message to would-be terrorists. It apparently worked for over 20 years. Domestically, Alpha has been involved in most of the major anti-terrorist/hostage operations in Russia such as the Moscow theatre siege of 2002 and the Beslan school siege in 2004. Both events demonstrated the rather heavy handed nature of the Russian special-forces as hundreds of hostages were killed during operations.

俄羅斯特種部隊怎麼樣？簡單來說，如果一個清單將“俄羅斯特種部隊”列爲一支單獨的部隊，那就大錯特錯了，因爲俄羅斯特種部隊是所有蘇聯或者俄羅斯特種部隊的總稱。阿爾法小組組建於19世紀70年代中期，是俄羅斯特種部隊中最厲害的一支隊伍。前蘇聯入侵阿富汗時，阿爾法小組以迅雷不及掩耳之勢攻佔了位於喀布爾的阿富汗總統府，並擊斃了府內所有人，一戰成名。1985年，前蘇聯派阿爾法小組前往貝魯特營救四名蘇聯外交官。據傳，其中一名外交官被殺後，阿爾法小組追捕到劫匪的親屬，將其殺害並肢解後送還給劫匪，以此警告這些所謂的恐怖分子。此次行動效果顯著，之後20多年間，再未出現過類似情況。在俄羅斯國內，阿爾法小組也多次參加重大反恐、營救人質行動，比如2002年的莫斯科大劇院人質事件以及2004年的別斯蘭人質危機。這兩次行動中都有上百名人質死亡，也顯示了俄羅斯特種部隊的狠辣無情。

etet 13 – Israel

3.以色列海軍13中隊

Another Israeli special-forces group, Shayetet 13 is associated with the Israeli navy. Created in 1948, this force has taken part in every major Israeli operation and war conducting everything from hostage rescue and counter-terrorism to intelligence gathering and boarding. Training is 20 months long and pushes candidates under the most stressful psychological and physical testing before specialized training even begins. You name the specialized type of training and odds are the members of Shayetet 13 have done it – whether it be parachute training, demolitions, underwater warfare or cold/dark training. Operationally, Shayetet 13 members have recently been involved in a number of high profile operations involving boarding ships and seizing weaponry bound for Gaza. Their most notable operation was after the 1972 Munich Olympics when they were used to hunt down and eliminate those responsible for the attack on the Israeli athletes.

另一支以色列特種部隊“13中隊”是一支海軍部隊。13中隊組建於1948年，參加過以色列各大軍事行動及戰事，營救人質、反恐、蒐集情報，無所不能。13中隊的訓練課程長達20個月，無論在體力上還是在精神上都是一個極大的挑戰，士兵只有完成全部訓練，才能參與特種作戰。你所能列舉出的特種訓練作戰方式，無論是跳傘、爆破、水下作戰還是抗寒、夜視訓練，13中隊基本上都已經實踐過了。最近，13中隊高調參與了一系列行動，例如登船緝獲運往加沙的武器。1972年慕尼黑奧運會時，恐怖分子殺害了數名以色列運動員，之後13中隊開始追捕事件元兇並將其逐一消滅，這是13中隊最爲著名的行動。

SEALs – USA

2.美國海豹突擊隊

You knew these guys were going to have to show up sometime. The SEALs are an American special-forces group created in 1962 which have achieved near mythical status. This in part is thanks to Operation Neptune Spear – the mission in which SEALs flew into Abbottabad, Pakistan in May, 2011 and killed Osama Bin Laden, the leader of Al Qaeda. The SEALs are elite and the physical and mental strength required to make it in this force is ridiculously high. Training takes over a year and most applicants can't even get past the physical qualification test which involves a lot of swimming, push-ups, sit-ups and running, all accomplished in a very strict time limit. Get past that and you enter general training. Pass that and you move on to SEAL qualification training which then opens the door to specialized training. All of this ensures that SEAL members are physically and mentally as tough as nails and capable of undertaking the most difficult operations in the world, wherever that may be.

你應該知道這支特種部隊終會出現。“海豹”是美國在1962年組建的一支特種部隊，如今它已經取得了神話般的地位。這其中一部分要歸功於”海王星之矛”行動——2011年5月海豹突擊隊前往巴基斯坦的阿伯塔巴德執行任務，擊斃了時任基地組織領導人奧薩馬·本拉登。海豹突擊隊是一支精銳部隊，其成員所具備的體力和毅力使得這支部隊強的離譜。應徵者需要參加爲期一年的培訓。首先，應徵者要通過一個非常嚴格的體能測試，應徵者必須在有限的時間裏完成游泳、俯臥撐、仰臥起坐和跑步測試；測試通過，應徵者將進入常規訓練，但是大多數應徵者都無法通過這項測試。常規訓練結果合格，應徵者就將開始三棲資格訓練，進行專業的培訓。所有的訓練確保了海豹突擊隊員擁有如釘子一般堅韌的身心，無論在世界的任何地方都能夠承擔起最困難的任務。

– Britain

1.英國陸軍特種空勤團

What's this, a group rated higher than the SEALs? Indeed. The British Special Air Service was created in 1941 as a force which could operate behind German and Italian lines and support resistance movements against the occupation forces. Understandably, the force is made up of British military personnel with the most coming from the airborne forces. Physical requirements are harsh and require a lot of marching with full packa. This culminates in a 40 mile march with a full pack that must be finished in 20 hours. Candidates must also be able to swim two miles in an hour and a half and run four miles in 30 minutes. After this, you get dropped in the jungle to learn survival and navigational skills, after which you endure survival practice. The final test is a 36-hour interrogation session meant to break the candidate's will. The handful who make it through this get transferred to an operation force for further training. Not convinced this is 'better' than the SEALs? It may help you to know that the SAS is also trained by MI5 and MI6 security and intelligence services to undertake counter-espionage operations. It's like having a SEAL and James Bond all rolled into one.

什麼？它竟然排在海豹突擊隊之前？事實的確如此。英國特種空勤團成立於1941年，當時的它就深入德意兩軍的後方獨立作戰，支持抵抗運動,對抗佔領軍。這支部隊是由英國軍事人員組成，其中大多數人是來自空降部隊。它對體能的要求十分苛刻，經常全裝拉練。這也就意味着應徵者必須在20小時內揹着全副裝備徒步行走40英里。此外，他們還必須在一個半小時內游完兩英里並在30分鐘內跑完四英里。完成這些之後，應徵者將會被“扔”進叢林學習生存技巧，掌握導航技能，再參與生存演練。最後一項測試是進行一個持續36小時的審訊，旨在瓦解應徵者的意志。最後的勝者將加入一支作戰部隊接受更進一步的訓練。看到這裏，你還不相信它比海豹突擊隊更強悍嗎？以下這一點應該會對你有所幫助：英國特種空勤團是由英國國家安全局（MI5，又稱軍情五處）和英國陸軍情報六局（MI6，又稱軍情六處）共同訓練以承擔反間諜任務。它就像是海豹突擊隊與詹姆斯·邦德的結合體。

審校：秋誼 編輯：Lion 來源：前十網