盤點：全球十大最嚴重“空難”
飛機作爲目前世上最快的交通工具，這一偉大的發明，給人們帶來了更爲快捷的交通出行。但是由於一些不可抗拒的原因或人爲因素造成的飛機失事而造成巨大的人員傷亡和財產損失，難免讓人萬分難過，下面我們帶大家瞭解一下史上最嚴重的十起空難事故。
10.美國航空191號航班空難
1969年5月25日
遇難人數：273
The DC-10 left Chicago O'Hare on the Friday afternoon of Memorial Day weekend only for its left engine to detach from its wing and fall off, rolling the plane in the air and sending it crashing to earth just a mile from the runway.
在陣亡將士紀念日當週的週五下午，一架DC-10型客機從芝加哥奧黑爾起飛後，左側引擎從機翼上脫落，飛機在空中翻轉，撞向僅離跑道一英里遠的地面。
The plane "burst into a pillar of flame and smoke that could be seen up to eight miles away," the Chicago Tribune reported at the time. All 271 people on board and two on the ground were killed in what remains America's worst aviation disaster.
《芝加哥論壇報》當時報道，飛機“瞬間躥出火柱，濃煙在8英里外仍然可見”。機上全部271人以及地面上的兩人遇難，這起事故至今仍是美國最慘重的空難。
The crash was found to be the result of a shortcut taken by removing the plane's engines for maintenance, cracking an aluminium component which held the engine to the wing.
事故的原因是，工作人員爲了省事，將機上引擎卸下維修，折裂了將引擎固定在機翼上的鋁製部件。
9. 伊朗空軍伊爾II-76
2003年2月19日
遇難人數：275
The official report into the military aircraft that crashed in the Sirach Mountains near Kerman in Iran found that bad weather, including high winds and fog, brought the plane down, killing all on board, all members of the Revolutionary Guards. The Aviation Safety Network classifies the crash as a Controlled Flight into Terrain.
據官方報道，這家軍用飛機因大風大霧的惡劣天氣在伊朗克爾曼市附近的西拉山墜毀，機上全部人員遇難，遇難者均爲革命衛隊成員。追蹤航空事件的網站航空安全網絡將這次事故歸類爲可控飛行撞地。
8. 伊朗航空公司655號航班
1988年7月3日
遇難人數：290
In 1988, Iran Air Flight 655 from Tehran to Dubai was gunned down by the United States Navy guided missile cruiser USS Vincennes as the Iran – Iraq war drew to a close.
1988年，兩伊戰爭結束前，一架航班號爲655的伊朗航空客機在從德黑蘭飛往迪拜的過程中被美國海軍“文森斯號”導彈巡洋艦擊落。
All 290 on board – among them 66 children and 16 crew members, died. The Iranian government said that it was an intentionally performed and unlawful act.
機上290人，包括66名兒童和16位機組人員全部遇難。伊朗政府表示，這是一次蓄意的非法行動。
7. 馬來西亞航空17號航班
2014年7月17日
遇難人數：298
Malaysian air crash investigator inspects crash site of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 near Hrabove reuters
A similar incident took place over eastern Ukraine when a Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777-200 flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur was shot down near the Russian border.
類似的事件發生烏克蘭東部，馬蘭西亞航空一架由阿姆斯特丹飛往吉隆坡的波音777-200飛機在俄羅斯邊境附近被擊落。
All 298 on board died when the plane crashed into a field near Torez.
飛機在多列士小鎮附近墜落，機上298人全部遇難。
Pro-Russian rebels are widely accused of shooting the plane down using a surface-to-air missile - they deny responsibility.
多方指控親俄派叛軍使用地對空導彈擊落飛機，但他們對此表示否認。
6. 沙特阿拉伯航空163號航班
1980年8月19日
遇難人數：301
The death of all 301 passengers on board the Lockheed L-1011 on the runway at Riyadh is the world's deadliest aviation accident not to involve a crash or mid-flight break up. The flight took off from the Saudi capital airport en route to Jeddah, only to return to Riyadh minutes later for an emergency landing after a fire started in the cargo department.
沙特阿拉伯航空163號航班空難是沒有發生墜機、空中解體的航空事故中死亡人數最多的一次。這架洛歇L1011-200上的301名登機乘客在利雅德國際機場跑道上全部遇難。飛機從沙特首都利雅德機場起飛，前往吉達，但數分鐘後，就因爲貨艙起火而返回利雅德機場緊急迫降。
However, when the plane landed, instead of initiating an emergency evacuation, the pilot taxied the aircraft back towards the airport, stopping on the runway for nearly three minutes. It then took some 23 minutes to access the aircraft once the engines were stopped.
然而，當飛機着陸後，飛行員並沒有開始緊急撤離，而是將飛機滑行回機場，在跑道上停了近3分鐘。隨後，發動機停止工作後，救援人員花了約23分鐘才進入飛機。
By the time the doors were opened all on board had died from smoke inhalation. The source of the fire is believed to have been two butane stoves in the cargo.
當艙門打開時，所有機上人員都因吸入濃煙窒息死亡。據信，起火源是貨艙內的兩個丁烷爐。
5. 印度航空182號航班
日期：1985年6月23日
遇難人數：329
Deemed the deadliest terror attack involving a plane at the time, the Air India Boeing 747 crashed off the coast of Ireland en route from Toronto to Sahar International in India, after a bomb placed in the cargo hold by Sikh extremists Babbar Khalsa exploded over the Atlantic.
印度航空一架由多倫多飛往印度薩哈爾國際機場的波音747在愛爾蘭海岸墜毀，原因是錫克教極端分子巴巴爾•哈爾薩將一枚炸彈帶上飛機貨艙，在大西洋上空發生爆炸。這起空難當時成爲死亡人數最多的飛機恐怖襲擊。
4. 土耳其航空981號航班
1974年3月3日
遇難人數：346人
1974年3月3日，土耳其航空（Turkish Airlines）981號航班由法國巴黎飛往英國倫敦途中，遇上和美國航空96號航班一樣的情況，但這次爆炸性失壓將所有液壓管道扯斷導致無法操控，飛機在巴黎郊區墜毀，機上346人全部死亡。
A design flaw on the Douglas DC-10 led an aircraft carrying 335 passengers and 11 crew to crash in the Ermenonville Forest north of Paris, after taking off from Orly Airport bound for London Heathrow, en route from Istanbul.
一架由伊斯坦布爾飛往倫敦的道格拉斯DC-10飛機從奧利機場起飛前往倫敦希思羅機場，因設計缺陷在巴黎北部埃默農維爾森林墜毀。機上搭載着335名乘客和11名機組人員。
Around 10 minutes after the plane took off from Orly, the rear left cargo door blew off owing to a problem with how the hatches latched shut, causing an explosive decompression in the cabin and severing cables linking the flight deck with the aircraft's elevators, rudder and two engines.
飛機從奧利機場起飛約10分鐘後，其左後貨艙門因爲門鎖閉合問題被吹掉，結果導致機艙內失壓爆炸，切斷了連接駕駛艙與升降舵、方向舵以及兩個引擎的線路。
The aircraft pitched sharply nose-down and began picking up speed as the pilots lost control, before it crashed into trees travelling at around 490mph. In the wake of the accident, the locking mechanism on the cargo doors was redesigned.
飛行員失去了對飛機的控制，飛機迅速向下墜落，並不斷加速。飛機撞上樹林時速度約爲490英里/小時。事故發生後，道格拉斯DC-10飛機艙門的鎖緊裝置被重新設計。
3. 查基達裏撞機事件
哈薩克斯坦航空失事的伊爾-76。來源：新華網
1996年12月12日
遇難人數：349
The world's deadliest mid-air crash involved Saudia Flight 763 and Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907 over the city of Charkhi Dadri in northern India.
沙特阿拉伯航空763號航班與哈薩克斯坦航空1907號航班在印度北部查基達裏相撞，這是世界上最嚴重的空中撞機事故。
The Saudia-operated Boeing 747 was bound for Dhahran from Delhi while the Kazakhstan Airlines Ilyushin II-76 was bound for Indira airport from Shymkent when they collided, killing 312 people on board the former and 37 on the latter.
沙特阿拉伯航空運營的波音747由德里起飛前往達蘭，哈薩克斯坦航空的伊爾II-76由奇姆肯特起飛前往英迪拉機場，兩架飛機在途中相撞，致使前一架飛機312人、後一架飛機37人全部遇難。
The crash occurred after the Ilyushin aircraft was cleared to descend to 15,000 feet, but then descended past that level to 14,500 feet while the 747 was ascending in the opposite direction. By the time the air traffic controller could warn of the proximity between the two aircraft it was too late.
事故發生前，哈航飛機獲准下降到15000英尺，但飛機卻下降至14500英尺以下，此時沙特航空的飛機正在反方向攀升。當空中交通管制員提醒兩架飛機異常接近時，爲時已晚。
2. 日本航空123號航班
1985年8月12日
遇難人數：520
圖爲事故飛機波音-747，攝於1984年春大阪國際機場。來源：新華網
The largest single aircraft accident in history was the crash of a Boeing 747 into Mount Takamagahara in central Japan. Just four survived when the aircraft spiralled out of control, its wing clipping a mountain ridge, before flipping and landing on its back, following an explosive decompression towards the rear of the plane, the result of a faulty repair job seven years earlier.
世界上死傷最慘重的單架次飛機空難發生在日本中部巢鷹山區。一架波音747的機翼撞上山脈，失去控制急速下降，迅速翻轉尾部觸地着陸，隨後飛機尾部發生失壓性爆炸，僅有4人生還。7年前的修理不當是事故原因。
A month after the crash a Japan Airlines maintenance official committed suicide, leaving a note, "I am atoning with my death".
空難發生一個月後，日本航空的一位維修部門的官員自殺，留下一句遺言，“我以死謝罪”。
1. 特內里費空難
1977年3月27日
遇難人數：583人
來源：新華網
On March 27, 1977, two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the foggy runway at Los Rodeos Airport, on the Spanish island of Tenerife, Canary Islands. The crash killed 583 people, making it the deadliest accident in aviation history.
1977年3月27日，在西班牙加那利羣島特內費裏島的洛司羅迪歐機場，兩架波音747客機在大霧瀰漫的跑道上相撞。這起事故造成583人遇難，是航空史上最致命的事故。
Neither of the two aircraft were supposed to be at Los Rodeos, both having been diverted away from Las Palmas on the nearby island of Gran Canaria, after it transpired that Canary Island separatists planted a bomb in the airport flower shop.
兩架飛機都不應該出現在洛司羅迪歐機場，但據傳附近大加那利島的極端分子在島上拉斯帕爾馬斯機場的花店安置了一枚炸彈，這兩架飛機因此被轉移。
The collision occurred when a KLM aircraft attempted to take-off without clearance while a Pan Am aircraft was still taxiing along the same runway, having missed its turning to leave.
事故發生時，一家荷蘭航空的飛機在沒有獲得許可的情況下準備起飛，與此同時，一家泛美航空公司的飛機因爲錯過了駛離跑道的路口，仍在同一道上滑行。
