揭祕各國兵哥哥的野戰口糧！看到韓國的，忍不住笑出了聲

首先來揭祕我國軍糧的廬山真面目。目前，我國野戰食品經歷了三代的進化，可以簡單粗暴地分成基礎版、升級版和豪華版。

第一代

China's first generation of field rations were composed mostly of hardtack with side dishes such as canned pork luncheon meat, mixed meat or diced pork.
中國第一代野戰食品，主要由壓縮乾糧配以午餐肉罐頭、葷炒什錦罐頭、醬爆肉丁罐頭等副食構成。

第二代

The second generation introduced instant rice and instant noodles, while also adopting flexible packaging to make them easier to carry.
第二代野戰食品中引入了速食米飯、速食麪條等，並採用了方便攜帶的軟質包裝材料。

第三代

The latest generation of field rations are self-heating. Just pour 100ml of water into the bag and the food is hot and ready to eat in 15 minutes.
最新一代野戰食品爲自熱食品，只需將100ml左右的水倒入包裝，15分鐘後便可食用。

下面帶大家仔細研究一下現在我軍投入使用的自熱食品餐譜。

餐譜1：什錦炒飯、醬油炒飯、鮮脆黃瓜、速溶飲料

餐譜2：香燜米飯、雪菜肉丁炒飯、辣椒醬、速溶飲料

餐譜3：咖喱雞丁炒飯、雪菜肉絲麪、辣味白菜、速溶飲料

餐譜4：青豆牛肉炒飯、胡蘿蔔雞丁炒飯、鮮脆黃瓜、速溶飲料

那麼，這些單兵食品與普通食品相比到底有什麼特殊之處呢？

As we all know, Chinese and western eating habits are essentially different. In China, most people prefer starchy food, while in the West diets tend to contain more protein and fat. Within China, southerners love to eat rice but northerners prefer noodles, both of which can be found in the country's field rations.
衆所周知，中國人與西方人的飲食習慣有本質區別。在中國大部分人更青睞澱粉食物，而西方飲食則富含蛋白質、脂肪等。就國內而言，南方人愛吃大米，北方人愛吃麪食，國家野戰口糧中這兩樣都有。

The most notable difference between military rations and civilian fast food is that the former places more emphasis on nutritional value. Military rations are designed to provide up to 4,000 kilojoules per serving, replenishing soldiers' energy in the field and keeping their levels of essential vitamins and minerals topped up.
軍用口糧與民用快餐最顯著不同在於，軍用口糧特別強調食品的營養價值。軍用口糧每餐能提供4000千焦的能量，補充野戰條件下官兵消耗的體能需要，並保持必要維生素和礦物質的充分供應。

Military rations also need a longer shelf life, so that they are still edible once they reach their intended recipients. This can take anywhere from a few months to more than a year, making it imperative that they are long-lasting.
軍用口糧也需要更長的保質期，這樣當食品到達接收者手裏時還能食用。因爲這一過程可能短則幾個月，長則一年，所以長保質期就成了必然要求。

目前我國已經研製出最新的17單兵自熱食品啦！

這次的口糧升級，不光對炒飯炒麪等傳統餐譜進行了革新，還引入了主食、副食分開的加熱方式，同時配合多種調味醬、小菜、巧克力、能量棒等，光是聽着就已經忍不住流口水了。

看完了中國的，我們來看看其他國家的軍用口糧是怎樣的？

美國

大家都知道美國的綽號是“山姆大叔”，但是很多人還不知道山姆大叔的原型，其實是位軍糧供應商。

美英戰爭時期，有一位叫山姆•威爾遜的肉類包裝商向美國軍隊供應牛肉，爲人熱情誠實，被稱爲“山姆大叔”。

1812年，紐約州長參觀山姆大叔的加工廠時，問蓋在桶上的U.S.（United States的縮寫）是什麼意思。一個工人開玩笑說是“山姆大叔”（Uncle Samuel的縮寫恰好也是U.S.）。從此，山姆大叔聲名大噪，並被美國民衆當做自己的代表。

The current standard-issue field ration of the United States military is known as the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE). One pack is the equivalent of one meal. The MRE's packaging is designed to withstand rough conditions and exposure to the elements. Inside each MRE bag is an entree and a variety of other food and drink items.
目前美國軍隊的標準野戰口糧是MRE單兵口糧，一包相當於一頓飯的量。MRE的包裝設計可抵抗惡劣天氣，經受得住日曬雨淋。每個MRE包裏面包括了一道正菜和若干副食及飲品。

In addition to standard field rations, the US military also provides customized ration packs for people with special dietary requirements such as vegetarians, Muslims and Jews.
除了標準野戰口糧，美國軍隊還爲素食主義者、伊斯蘭教徒和猶太教徒等有特別飲食需要的人提供定製化口糧。

隨着美軍的多民族化，成員的口味和飲食習慣也變得越來越複雜，越來越不願意啃數十年如一日的MRE，他們稱這是“反人類”的食品。

日本

作爲一個“感覺自己萌萌噠”的國家，“萌”可以說是日本的一張文化名片，而日本自衛隊的軍用口糧也保持了“萌”風。

少女心炸裂的粉色迷彩、軟萌可愛的漫畫軍官，給人一種吃完之後就能變身爲美少女戰士的既視感。畫風清奇，日本也是軍用口糧界當之無愧的“小公主”了。

The Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has two kinds of field rations. The first, known as Type I Combat Rations, are canned and have a long shelf life. The cans contain rice, meat, hard biscuits, vegetables and the like.
日本自衛隊推出了兩種野戰口糧。一種叫做Ⅰ型口糧，主要是保質期長的罐頭食品，包括米飯、肉、壓縮餅乾、蔬菜等。

The other kind, known as Type II Combat Rations, are boil-in-the-bag. They come in flexible packaging and contain foodstuffs such as rice, fried potatoes with meat, braised vegetables and hamburgers.
另一種是Ⅱ型口糧，採用了蒸煮袋技術。此類口糧使用軟包裝，食物包括米飯、土豆炒肉、燴菜及漢堡等。

韓國

炸雞啤酒、烤五花肉、海帶湯、炒年糕……這些年韓劇帶火了一大批韓國美食。

但是，看到了真正的韓軍口糧後……

The preferred field ration in South Korea is similar to the Type II Combat Ration, though there are not as many menu options. Menu 1, for example, includes fried rice with kimchi, kimchi soup, three bags of seasoning and a bag of Maltesers. Menu 3, meanwhile, contains an extra bag of glass noodles.
韓國軍隊最受歡迎的野戰口糧和日本自衛隊的Ⅱ型口糧類似，不過菜單上沒有那麼多選擇。比如，餐譜1包括1份泡菜炒飯、1份泡菜湯料包、3包調味料和1份麥麗素。3號餐譜比1號豐富，增加了一份粉絲。

俄羅斯

俄羅斯的軍隊口糧也是極具“戰鬥民族”特色，餐譜中肉、魚、蛋、黃油、香腸和乳酪的比重較高。每人每天能吃到的肉量達到250克，一名士兵一年內能吃掉約92公斤的肉。

Russian military rations are distinctive in that they still contain cigarettes, which are not commonly found in other country's rations anymore. The cigarettes are free for soldiers, though officers need to pay for them.
俄軍口糧還有一大特色就是爲軍人供應香菸，這在世界各國軍隊中還是不常見的。所供香菸，軍官自費選購，士兵則免費。

Each soldier receives 12 cigarettes per day as standard, while officers can have 20 per day. Soldiers who do not smoke receive 300g of sugar instead.
香菸供應標準爲：士兵每人每天12支香菸；軍官每人每天20支。不吸菸的軍人可領300克糖。

2013年，俄總統普京簽署了“史上最嚴禁菸法”，俄國防部也取消了對義務兵的免費香菸供應，從而終結了俄軍這一延續近百年的傳統。