打死都不想得的十種恐怖疾病(下)

genic Urticaria

5.水源性蕁麻疹

Aquagenic urticaria is better known as an allergy to water. Though not a true allergy, as no histamine is actually released by the body, the disorder still presents with painful rashes that break out wherever water touches the skin. Usually within an hour after contact with water, the sufferer will end up with small wheals, which are raised, reddened areas also known as papules. It's an extremely rare disorder, with only 100 reported cases scientists believe there may be a genetic component to the disorder, as there has been no evidence of transmission from person to person. However, most cases take place in separate families, with only a few happening to relatives. While some cases can be quite gentle, most are extremely painful, with sufferers resorting to either extremely short baths or none at all in order to avoid the pain.

水源性蕁麻疹因其對水過敏而著稱。儘管並非真正過敏，身體沒有真正釋放組胺，但這種疾病仍可表現爲接觸水後暴發疼痛的疹子。通常在接觸水一個小時之內，患者便起滿小的風疹塊，這些起疹塊發紅的區域也稱之爲丘疹。這種疾病非常少見，全世界只有100例報道。一些科學家認爲可能有基因因素影響這種疾病，因爲並沒有證據表明它可在人際傳播。然而，大多病例都分散在不同的家庭當中，只有少數病例發生在親戚之間。雖然一些病例發病溫和，但大多數都極端痛苦，患者訴諸於極端短浴來緩解痛苦，或者根本束手無策。

nerd Diarrhea

4.佈雷納德腹瀉

As you can probably guess from the name, this disease is a severe, acute form of diarrhea first described after an outbreak in Brainerd, Minnesota. The exact reason for the contraction is unknown to scientists at this time, but it may be caused by the consumption of contaminated water or raw milk. Sufferers experience 10–20 episodes of explosive, watery diarrhea every day. Nearly all of the recorded outbreaks have taken place in the United States, though there have only been eight since it was first nerd diarrhea can last for months—even up to a year—with no respite for those afflicted because it's extremely resistant to any form of antimicrobial treatment. Drugs like Imodium have been reported to offer some relief, but only in very high doses. Because the exact source of the disease is unknown, there is no known preventative measure, other than to boil all well water and avoid unpasteurized milk.

你可以從名稱中大致推斷出這種疾病是一種嚴重的急性腹瀉，在明尼蘇達由佈雷納德首次進行了描述。這種痙攣的確切原因至今都不爲科學家所知，但它可能是因爲飲用了污染的水或者生牛奶而引起。患者每天都遭受10到20次爆炸性的水樣腹瀉。幾乎所有的佈雷納德腹瀉爆發都發生在美國，儘管從第一例發現起才僅僅8例而已。水瀉般腹瀉會持續數月甚至一年，使這些飽受折磨的人沒有任何喘息機會，因爲它對任何形式的抗菌治療都具有抵抗性。如易蒙等藥物據報道能稍有緩解，但也僅限於相當高劑量的情況下才可以。目前，人們還不知道這種疾病的確切病源，所以沒有任何有效的預防措施，只能用煮沸水、避免喝未消毒的牛奶等方法來預防。

le Cell Anemia

3.鐮狀細胞性貧血

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder in which the red blood cells form abnormally, taking the shape of a crescent or sickle. In addition, there aren't enough blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body. Those afflicted with SCA also lose the defective blood cells up to 12 times faster than those without the disorder.A mutation in one of the genes responsible for hemoglobin is the root cause of the disorder and it seems to be most prevalent among those whose ancestors lived in areas where malaria was common. The symptoms vary person to person, but fatigue and chronic pain is extremely common and never goes away. Thanks to modern medicine, it isn't the killer that it once was, with many people making it to their 60s and beyond. However, while blood and marrow stem cell transplants have shown some promise, there is still no cure.

鐮狀細胞性貧血是一種基因血液疾病，血紅細胞性狀異常呈新月形或鐮刀狀。而且機體沒有足夠的血細胞爲全身供氧。飽受SCA折磨的病人會以常人12倍的速度丟失缺陷血細胞。血紅素基因的一處變異是這種疾病的根本原因，而且它似乎在其先人所住的瘧疾肆意地區更爲盛行。其症狀在每個人身上都表現不同，但疲倦和慢性疼痛非常普遍且永不消失。多虧現代醫藥，它並不像曾經那樣像個殺手般肆虐猖狂，許多人可以活到60多歲。不過，全血和骨髓幹細胞移植顯示有很大希望，但依然不能完全治癒。

osis Dolorosa

2.痛性肥胖病

For anyone familiar with Latin or the TV show Doctor Who, it will be obvious that this particular disease has to do with fat. Also known as "Dercum's disease" after the doctor who first described it, sufferers are plagued with tumors called lipomas all over their torso. Nearly all of those who get this disease are obese women between the ages of 35– no known cure or cause, Dercum's disease is believed to perhaps have a genetic component to it, as it does seem to run in some families. Other scientists theorize that it is an autoimmune disorder, as healthy tissue is attacked by the body. Tthe only treatments available for this extremely painful condition focus on one symptom at a time, utilizing pain medications and weight loss strategies. Liposuction has shown some mild success at treating the disease.

熟悉拉丁或電視節目神祕博士的人，很顯然瞭解這種疾病與肥胖有關。在醫生首次描述之後也稱之爲"德爾肯氏病"，患者周身都會遭受這種名爲脂肪瘤的腫瘤折磨。幾乎所有患此疾病的人都是35-50歲的肥胖女性。治療未知、病因未知，所以德爾肯氏病被認爲很可能有基因因素，因爲其確實看起來只發生在家族中。其他科學家建立了一種學說，推論它是一種自身免疫的紊亂，即機體攻擊自身健康組織。對這種相當痛苦的狀況，唯一可行的治療手段主要集中於一次解決一種症狀，利用疼痛治療和減重手段。在治療這種疾病時，吸脂手術略顯成功。

ne's Curse

1.代恩的詛咒

For those of you unfamiliar with French or German folk tales and mythology, Ondine was a nymph who took a mortal as her lover, who swore that each one of his breaths would be a testament of his love for her. After he committed adultery, Ondine—or her father, in some versions—cursed the cheater to stop breathing the next time he fell asleep. Otherwise known as "congenital central hypoventilation syndrome," sufferers lack the function of the autonomic nervous system which regulates breathing. This means that they have to consciously remember to they sleep, most are hooked up to ventilators. If they are able to survive into adulthood, the sleep masks used to treat sleep apnea tend to work well enough to enable them to live relatively normal lives. Genetics are believed to play a major role as the cause of the disease, though it has appeared in adults after major surgery or trauma.

對不熟悉法國或德國的民間故事或神話的觀衆來說，仙女代恩將一個凡人作爲她的愛人，她發誓他的每個呼吸都是愛她的證明。然而仙女的愛人通姦後，代恩——有些版本是她的父親——詛咒這個該死的騙子在下次入睡時停止呼吸。這又稱爲"先天性中樞性低通氣綜合徵"，主要是患者缺乏調節呼吸的自主神經系統功能。一旦入睡，大多數患者必須連接呼吸機。如果他們能夠存活到成年，使用治療睡眠呼吸暫停的睡眠面罩往往足以使他們過上正常生活。儘管這種疾病在重大手術或哮喘後也發生於成年人，但遺傳學被認爲在疾病成因中發揮重要作用。

翻譯：寧舒子 來源：前十網