打死都不想得的十種恐怖疾病(上)
Disease is common, affecting every person at some point in their life. However, there are those unlucky few who contract some the rarer disease—those that seem to do the most damage and are often the hardest to treat, let alone cure. Here are 10 diseases and disorders you really want to avoid.
疾病非常普遍，每個人在生命的不同時刻都會受其影響。然而，總有少數不幸的人們會接觸一些極爲罕見的疾病——這些疾病往往危害甚重、極難治療、更別談治癒。這裏將介紹10種我們確實想避免的疾病或機能紊亂。eminal Neuralgia
10.三叉神經痛
This particular disorder affects the fifth cranial nerve, one of the most widely spread in a person's face. Known to hospitals as the "suicide disease," there are two Types. Type 1 is the acute, involving unbelievable pain shooting through the sufferer's face that lasts for as long as two minutes. These attacks can be joined together over a period of two hours of 2 is less painful than Type 1, but still one of the hardest hits the human body can take. It is constant, rather than sporadic, with a painful burning or electric shock feeling lasting for years. Regular pain medication like morphine has no effect and anti-convulsion drugs often lose their effectiveness. Various surgical procedures have shown mild success, but are rarely anything more than temporary fixes.
這種官能紊亂主要發生在第五對腦神經，第五對腦神經是在人體面部分佈最廣的一種腦神經。醫院中著名的"自殺性疾病"有兩種。一種是急性的，其導致患者整個面部都貫穿一種難以言喻的疼痛，並持續2分鐘之久。並且這種突然襲來的疼痛會伴隨超過兩個小時的極大痛苦。另一種相較第一種疼痛略弱，但依然是人體最難承受的一種。這種疼痛並非間歇性發作，而是持續不斷，伴有多年的痛苦灼燒感或電擊樣感受。像嗎啡等常規治療疼痛的藥物對此都沒有效果，而抗痙攣藥物在它面前也療效盡失。雖然有各種手術方法小有成效，但除了暫時修復之外也沒什麼好方法根除這種病症。
urg Hemorrhagic Fever
9.馬爾堡出血熱
First diagnosed in 1967 after an outbreak in a number of labs throughout Germany and Yugoslavia, Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a disease nearly identical to that caused by the Ebola virus. Monkeys who had been imported from Africa were infected and spread the disease while they were being used for polio research. So far, it is extremely rare, with less than 1,000 cases reported to date, and it's almost always found in Central African fruit bat is believed to be the main source of infection, though how it spreads to humans isn't quite known at this point. The initial symptoms are extremely close to much more common diseases such as malaria, so proper diagnosis can be quite tricky. If the infection is severe enough, bleeding in the mouth and rectum and neurologic problems arise. Due to the lack of scientific knowledge about the Marburg fever, there is no established treatment, but plasma and blood protein transplants have shown good results. As of right now, the fatality rate is wide-ranging, ranging from 23–90 percent.
馬爾堡出血熱是在德國和南斯拉夫的幾所實驗室中暴發後發現的，這種疾病幾乎與伊波拉病毒引起的出血熱一模一樣。由非洲運來的猴子在做脊髓灰質炎研究時感染並傳播了這種病毒。迄今爲止這種疾病極端罕見，數據報道不超過1000病例，且大多是在非洲中部發現的。非洲果蠅被認爲是主要的感染源，但其通過什麼途徑傳染給人類尚且未知。最初的症狀和瘧疾一般的常見疾病症狀極其相似，因此需要足夠的警覺來做出正確的診斷。感染嚴重到一定程度時，嘴和直腸會出血、神經方面的問題也會顯露。由於對馬爾堡出血熱缺乏科學的認知，所以至今還沒有成熟的治療方案，但輸血漿和血液蛋白的效果還是不錯的。就現在來說，它的死亡率分佈很廣，從23%到90%不等。rum Oris
8.走馬疳
More commonly known as noma, cancrum oris is a gangrenous infection which attacks the facial tissue of its victims, usually children under the age of 6. Especially prevalent in poverty-stricken areas of Africa, not only does the disease have an extremely high fatality rate (80 percent), but those who survive are left horribly disfigured and often ostracized. Affecting nearly 100,000 children every year, the antibodies in the sufferer's body get confused and turn on the soft tissue in the cheek, mouth, and to the swift progress of the disease, those infected are quickly disabled, unable to speak or eat normally. The disease has only made brief appearances in Europe and North American since its eradication over 100 years ago, most notably in the Nazi concentration camps. Antibiotics can stop the spread at the first sight of a lesion but they are often unavailable or too expensive.
走馬疳就是人們更爲熟知的壞疽性口炎，其主要攻擊病人的面部組織，呈壞疽性感染，而受害者通常是六歲以下兒童。尤其在非洲饑荒地區，這個疾病不僅有極高的死亡率（80%）且生還者還會留下一副恐怖的遭到損毀的面容，這使得他們常常被人排斥。每年感染將近100000個兒童，患者體內的抗體紊亂進而攻擊面部、嘴巴、鼻子的軟組織。由於疾病感染迅速，這些患者往往很快就會變得殘疾，難以正常說話和進食。早在100年前在納粹集中營便臭名昭著，但在其根除之後僅在歐洲和南美洲短暫出現過。有一些抗體可以在損傷剛出現時阻止其進一步傳播，但客觀上來說，這些抗體往往難以獲得或者太過昂貴。sive Capsulitis
7.黏連性關節囊炎
Known by the catchier name of "frozen shoulder," this disorder causes the sufferer's shoulder to become so painful and stiff that it is virtually impossible to do anything with their arm. In addition, sleep can be difficult to come by, causing a myriad other health issues like depression and anxiety. As of now, there is no known cause for frozen shoulder, but diabetes and injuries or surgeries in the area are considered to be risk en shoulder affects an estimated 2 percent of the population at some point in their lives, making it one of the most common disorders on this list, and it is extremely hard to treat. Even with regular medication and constant physical rehabilitation, it can take up to a year to restore mobility. Although there have been cases where it went away on its own, it usually took up to two years to resolve itself.
這種疾病因其一個更爲醒目的名字"冷凍肩"而爲人所知，它能引起患者肩膀疼痛僵硬而幾乎無法用胳膊做任何事情。並且它使患者難以入睡而引起衆多其他健康問題，諸如消極、焦慮等。迄今爲止仍未知冷凍肩的致病原因，但糖尿病、傷痛或者該部位的手術被認爲是風險因素。冷凍肩可在約2%的人羣中影響他們的生活，它是此列表中最普遍的一種疾病，極難治癒。即使給予常規治療和長期的軀體康復，仍然需要花費一年時間來恢復機體的可動性。儘管一些病例中這種疾病可自然消退，但也通常需要兩年時間由其自身消解。lex Regional Pain Syndrome
6.複合型局部疼痛綜合徵
Formally known as "reflex sympathetic dystrophy," CRPS is a lifelong systemic disease which manifests itself as extreme burning pain, bone and skin changes, and unbelievable sensitivity to touch. It's one of the most painful diseases in the world, ranked above childbirth and amputation on the McGill Pain Index, a method of evaluating pain developed in the early 1970s. Initially believed to be a systemic failure of the sympathetic nervous system, researchers now believe it is triggered by trauma, especially to the extremities. However, this is just a guess as of right now, which is one of the reasons there is no ous treatments have achieved a modicum of success, including one brought to us by the wisdom of tech support—"Have you tried turning it off and on again?" In 2003, a 14-year-old girl underwent treatment which consisted of a medically-induced coma with the intent of "resetting" the pain connections in her body. This is generally considered a last-ditch effort, as it carries enormous risk and numerous potential side effects.
"CROS"的正式名稱是"反射性交感神經營養障礙"，它是一種終身的系統疾病，表現爲灼燒樣劇烈疼痛，骨骼皮膚的改變，還有對觸摸呈現難以置信的敏感。它是世界上最疼痛的疾病之一，在麥吉爾疼痛指數（二十世紀七十年代早期開發用於評價疼痛的方法）排名中位居分娩和截肢之上。最終被認爲是交感神經系統的系統衰竭，而現在研究者認爲是由創傷尤其是肢體末端的創傷引發的。然而這只是現在一種猜測，而這種疾病目前無法治癒。各種治療可實現一點點療效，包括人們向我們集思過的一種技術支持——"你試過將其關閉再打開嗎？"2003年，一名14歲女孩接受了治療，通過藥物誘導昏迷的方式企圖重置其體內的疼痛連接通路。通常認爲這是最後一招，因爲它可能伴隨巨大風險和潛在的副作用。翻譯：寧舒子 來源：前十網
