莫迪推"印度製造"計劃 意圖打勞動力牌取贏

In New Delhi’s halls of power, manufacturing in India is certainly an idea whose time has come. On Thursday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the “Make in India Campaign”, setting his sights on raising manufacturing’s share of Indian GDP to 25 per cent, up from 15 per cent, to create jobs for the more than 12m young people entering the country’s labour market each year.

在印度的權力中心，印度製造業的時機已到。週四，印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)推出“印度製造”計劃(Make in India Campaign)，希望將製造業佔印度國內生產總值(GDP)的比重從目前的15%提升至25%，併爲每年進入印度勞動力市場的逾1200萬年輕人創造就業。

In an impassioned speech broadcast to invited business guests in India and Indian embassies abroad, Mr Modi sought to persuade sceptical international companies, and weary domestic entrepreneurs, that India can be a competitive global manufacturing hub. He pledged to provide “efficient and effective” governance that facilitated – rather than obstructed – job-generating industrial investments.

在向印度受邀企業嘉賓以及印度駐外使節發表的一篇激情演講中，莫迪希望讓懷有疑慮的國際企業以及憂心忡忡的國內企業家相信，印度能夠成爲一個具有競爭力的全球製造業中心。他承諾將提供“有效”治理，促進（而非阻礙）創造就業的工業投資。

“Those who feel India is a big market never think about whether the citizens have purchasing power or not,” he said. “It is our collective responsibility to work together so that the poorest of the poor get employment and our growth trajectory will move ahead.

“那些認爲印度是一個巨大市場的人們從未想過印度公民是否具有購買力，”他表示，“聯合起來讓窮人中的最窮人羣獲得就業，能夠延續我們的增長曲線，這是我們的共同責任。”

“When the government becomes a facilitator, we can achieve everything we want to. We have no dearth of potential.”

“當政府變成一個推動者時，我們就能實現我們想做的事。我們並不缺乏潛力。”

India is a formidable global supplier of IT-enabled services. But with its overstretched infrastructure, restrictive labour laws and notorious bureaucracy, it has struggled to find a role in the global supply chain of manufactured goods, despite its huge young population.

印度是全球IT服務的強大供應商。但由於基礎設施不完善、限制嚴格的勞動法以及臭名昭著的官僚主義，儘管印度年輕人口衆多，但該國一直難以在全球製造業供應鏈上發揮作用。

India’s share of world exports in 2013 was just 1.7 per cent, up from 0.5 per cent in 1990 but far behind the 11 per cent of China, where manufacturing accounts for 34 per cent of GDP.

在2013年的全球出口中，印度僅佔1.7%，高於1990年的0.5%，但遠遠落後於中國的11%，在中國，製造業佔GDP的34%。

Since taking power in late May, Mr Modi’s administration has put a renewed focus on manufacturing, first tackling the niggling regulations and reporting requirements – and obstructive bureaucratic mindsets – that have underpinned India’s poor rankings on international “ease of doing business” surveys.

自從5月末上臺以來，莫迪政府將注意力重新投向了製造業，先是解決了令人頭疼的監管和上報要求問題，着眼於破除阻礙發展的官僚主義思維——正是這些因素導致印度在全球“經商便利度”調查中的排名靠後。

Yet luring manufacturing investments will take more than mere tinkering with government processes. At Thursday’s event, Mukesh Ambani, the industrialist, urged the government to be “open to capital and expertise from all over the world”. Cyrus Mistry, chairman of the Tata group, said India had to upgrade physical infrastructure, ensure cost-effective energy and logistics, and “improve our people’s employability”.

然而，要吸引製造業投資僅修補政府程序還不夠。在週四的活動上，實業家穆克什•安巴尼(Mukesh Ambani)敦促印度政府“向全世界的資金和專業技能開放”。塔塔集團(Tata group)董事長塞勒斯•密斯特里(Cyrus Mistry)表示，印度必須更新實體基礎設施、加固具有成本效率的能源和物流系統，並“提高民衆的就業能力”。