金磚國家領導人第五次會晤德班宣言(一)

Fifth BRICS Summit

金磚國家領導人第五次會晤德班宣言

Durban: 27 March 2013

(二0一三年三月二十七日)

1. We, the leaders of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa, met in Durban, South Africa, on 27 March 2013 at the Fifth BRICS Summit. Our discussions took place under the overarching theme, "BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Development, Integration and Industrialization." The Fifth BRICS Summit concluded the first cycle of BRICS Summits and we reaffirmed our commitment to the promotion of international law, multilateralism and the central role of the United Nations (UN). Our discussions reflected our growing intra-BRICS solidarity as well as our shared goal to contribute positively to global peace, stability, development and cooperation. We also considered our role in the international system as based on an inclusive approach of shared solidarity and cooperation towards all nations and peoples.

1、我們，巴西聯邦共和國、俄羅斯聯邦、印度共和國、中華人民共和國和南非共和國領導人於2013年3月27日在南非德班舉行金磚國家領導人第五次會晤。我們圍繞“金磚國家與非洲:致力於發展、一體化和工業化的夥伴關係”的主題進行了討論。本次會晤是金磚國家第一輪領導人會晤的收官之作。我們重申將致力於維護國際法、多邊主義和聯合國的中心地位。我們的討論表明金磚國家的團結進一步加深,願爲全球和平、穩定、發展與合作做出積極貢獻。我們還討論了金磚國家在與各國和各國人民團結合作的基礎上,在國際體系中發揮的作用。

2. We met at a time which requires that we consider issues of mutual interest and systemic importance in order to share concerns and to develop lasting solutions. We aim at progressively developing BRICS into a full-fledged mechanism of current and long-term coordination on a wide range of key issues of the world economy and politics. The prevailing global governance architecture is regulated by institutions which were conceived in circumstances when the international landscape in all its aspects was characterized by very different challenges and opportunities. As the global economy is being reshaped, we are committed to exploring new models and approaches towards more equitable development and inclusive global growth by emphasizing complementarities and building on our respective economic strengths.

2、此次會晤舉行之時,正需要我們探討共同關心並具有系統重要性的問題,以解決共同關切,研擬長期解決之道。我們致力於逐步將金磚國家發展成爲就全球經濟和政治領域的諸多重大問題進行日常和長期協調的全方位機制。支撐現行全球治理架構的有關國際機構是在當年國際版圖面臨非常不同的挑戰和機遇的情況下締造的。由於全球經濟正在重塑,我們致力於通過加強互補和各自經濟力量,探索實現更公平發展、更具包容性增長的新模式和新方式。

3. We are open to increasing our engagement and cooperation with non-BRICS countries, in particular Emerging Market and Developing Countries (EMDCs), and relevant international and regional organizations, as envisioned in the Sanya Declaration. We will hold a Retreat together with African leaders after this Summit, under the theme, "Unlocking Africa's potential: BRICS and Africa Cooperation on Infrastructure." The Retreat is an opportunity for BRICS and African leaders to discuss how to strengthen cooperation between the BRICS countries and the African Continent.

3、正如《三亞宣言》中提出的,我們對加強同其他國家,特別是新興國家和發展中國家,以及相關國際、區域性組織的聯繫與合作持開放態度。我們將在本次會晤後舉行同非洲國家領導人的對話會,主題爲“釋放非洲潛力:金磚國家和非洲在基礎設施領域合作”。對話會將爲金磚國家和非洲領導人討論如何加強金磚國家和非洲大陸合作提供機會。

4. Recognizing the importance of regional integration for Africa's sustainable growth, development and poverty eradication, we reaffirm our support for the Continent' s integration processes.

4、我們認識到區域一體化對非洲可持續增長、發展和消除貧困的重要意義,重申支持非洲大陸一體化進程。

5. Within the framework of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), we support African countries in their industrialization process through stimulating foreign direct investment, knowledge exchange, capacity-building and diversification of imports from Africa. We acknowledge that infrastructure development in Africa is important and recognize the strides made by the African Union to identify and address the continent's infrastructure challenges through the development of the Program for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), the AU NEPAD Africa Action Plan (2010-2015), the NEPAD Presidential Infrastructure Championing Initiative (PICI), as well as the Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plans that have identified priority infrastructure development projects that are critical to promoting regional integration and industrialization. We will seek to stimulate infrastructure investment on the basis of mutual benefit to support industrial development, job-creation, skills development, food and nutrition security and poverty eradication and sustainable development in Africa. We therefore, reaffirm our support for sustainable infrastructure development in Africa.

5、在“非洲發展新夥伴計劃”框架下,我們將通過鼓勵外國直接投資、知識交流、能力建設以及與非洲貿易的多樣化,支持非洲國家工業化進程。我們認識到非洲發展基礎設施的重要性,認同非盟在確定和應對非洲大陸的基礎設施挑戰方面取得的進步。通過制訂非洲基礎設施發展規劃、非盟“非洲發展新夥伴計劃”非洲行動計劃(2010-2015)、“非洲發展新夥伴計劃”總統基礎設施倡議及地區基礎設施發展總體規劃,非盟確定了對推動區域一體化和工業化至關重要的基礎設施重點開發項目。我們將尋求在互惠基礎上鼓勵基礎設施投資,以支持非洲的工業發展、就業、技能發展、食品和營養安全、消除貧困及可持續發展。爲此,我們重申對非洲基礎設施可持續發展的支持。

6. We note policy actions in Europe, the United States and Japan aimed at reducing tail-risks in the world economy. Some of these actions produce negative spillover effects on other economies of the world. Significant risks remain and the performance of the global economy still falls behind our expectations. As a result, uncertainty about strength and durability of the recovery and the direction of policy in some major economies remains high. In some key countries unemployment stays unusually elevated, while high levels of private and public indebtedness inhibit growth. In such circumstances, we reaffirm our strong commitment to support growth and foster financial stability. We also underscore the need for appropriate action to be taken by advanced economies in order to rebuild confidence, foster growth and secure a strong recovery.

6、我們注意到歐洲、美國和日本爲減少世界經濟尾部風險所採取的政策措施。其中的部分措施給世界其他經濟體帶來負面外溢效應。世界經濟重大風險猶存,形勢仍低於預期。在經濟復甦的力度和持續性、主要經濟體政策方向方面,不確定性依然很大。在一些重要國家,失業率居高不下,高企的私人和公共債務抑制了經濟增長。在此情況下,我們重申關於支持增長和維護金融穩定的強烈承諾,並強調發達經濟體需要採取適當措施以重建信心,促進增長並確保經濟強勁復甦。

7. Central Banks in advanced economies have responded with unconventional monetary policy actions which have increased global liquidity. While this may be consistent with domestic monetary policy mandates, major Central Banks should avoid the unintended consequences of these actions in the form of increased volatility of capital flows, currencies and commodity prices, which may have negative growth effects on other economies, in particular developing countries.

7、發達經濟體的央行採取非常規貨幣政策,增加了全球流動性。這可能符合其國內貨幣政策的授權,但主要央行應避免此舉帶來加劇資本、匯率和大宗商品價格波動等預料之外的後果,以免對其他經濟體特別是發展中國家經濟增長帶來負面影響。

8. We welcome the core objectives of the Russian Presidency in the G20 in 2013, in particular the efforts to increased financing for investment and ensure public debt sustainability aimed at ensuring strong, sustainable, inclusive and balanced growth and job creation around the world. We will also continue to prioritize the G20 development agenda as a vital element of global economic stability and long-term sustainable growth and job creation.

8、我們歡迎俄羅斯作爲2013年二十國集團主席國提出的核心目標,特別是爲促進全球強勁、可持續、包容和平衡增長、增加就業而增加投資融資、確保公共債務可持續性的努力。我們也將繼續突出二十國集團發展議程,將其作爲全球經濟穩定、長期可持續增長和增加就業的關鍵要素。

9. Developing countries face challenges of infrastructure development due to insufficient long-term financing and foreign direct investment, especially investment in capital stock. This constrains global aggregate demand. BRICS cooperation towards more productive use of global financial resources can make a positive contribution to addressing this problem. In March 2012 we directed our Finance Ministers to examine the feasibility and viability of setting up a New Development Bank for mobilizing resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS and other emerging economies and developing countries, to supplement the existing efforts of multilateral and regional financial institutions for global growth and development. Following the report from our Finance Ministers, we are satisfied that the establishment of a New Development Bank is feasible and viable. We have agreed to establish the New Development Bank. The initial contribution to the Bank should be substantial and sufficient for the Bank to be effective in financing infrastructure.

9、由於長期融資和外國直接投資不足,尤其是資本市場投資不足,發展中國家面臨基礎設施建設的挑戰。這限制了全球總需求。金磚國家合作推動更有效利用全球金融資源,可以爲解決上述問題做出積極貢獻。2012年3月,我們指示財長們評估建立一個新的開發銀行的可能性和可行性,爲金磚國家、其他新興市場和發展中國家的基礎設施和可持續發展項目籌集資金,作爲對全球增長和發展領域的現有多邊和區域金融機構的補充。根據財長們的報告,我們滿意地看到建立一個新的開發銀行是可能和可行的。我們同意建立該銀行,銀行的初始資本應該是實質性的和充足的,以便有效開展基礎設施融資。

10. In June 2012, in our meeting in Los Cabos, we tasked our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to explore the construction of a financial safety net through the creation of a Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) amongst BRICS countries. They have concluded that the establishment of a self-managed contingent reserve arrangement would have a positive precautionary effect, help BRICS countries forestall short-term liquidity pressures, provide mutual support and further strengthen financial stability. It would also contribute to strengthening the global financial safety net and complement existing international arrangements as an additional line of defence. We are of the view that the establishment of the CRA with an initial size of 100 billion U.S. dollars is feasible and desirable subject to internal legal frameworks and appropriate safeguards. We direct our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to continue working towards its establishment.

10、2012年6月,我們在洛斯卡沃斯會晤時指示財長和央行行長探討通過成立金磚國家應急儲備安排來建設金融安全網。他們的結論是建立一個自我管理的應急儲備安排具有積極預防效果,將幫助金磚國家應對短期流動性壓力,提供相互支持,並進一步加強金融穩定。這也將作爲一道增加的防線,爲補充現有國際外匯儲備安排、加強全球金融安全網做出貢獻。我們認爲在符合各自國內法律和具有適當安全保證的條件下,建立一個初始規模爲1000億美元的應急儲備安排是可能和共同期待的。我們指示財長和央行行長繼續朝着建立該安排的目標努力。

11. We are grateful to our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors for the work undertaken on the New Development Bank and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement and direct them to negotiate and conclude the agreements which will establish them. We will review progress made in these two initiatives at our next meeting in September 2013.

11、我們對財長和央行行長就新的開發銀行和應急儲備安排所做的工作表示感謝,並指示他們繼續談判,並完成建立上述兩機制的協議。我們將在2013年9月聖彼得堡會晤上審議兩項倡議的進展。

12. We welcome the conclusion between our Export-Import Banks (EXIM) and Development Banks, of both the "Multilateral Agreement on Cooperation and Co-financing for Sustainable Development" and, given the steep growth trajectory of the African continent and the significant infrastructure funding requirements directly emanating from this growth path, the "Multilateral Agreement on Infrastructure Co-Financing for Africa."

12、我們歡迎金磚國家進出口銀行和開發銀行達成《可持續發展合作和聯合融資多邊協議》,以及考慮到非洲大陸的快速增長及其導致的基礎設施資金方面的巨大需求,達成《非洲基礎設施聯合融資多邊協議》。

13. We call for the reform of International Financial Institutions to make them more representative and to reflect the growing weight of BRICS and other developing countries. We remain concerned with the slow pace of the reform of the IMF. We see an urgent need to implement, as agreed, the 2010 International Monetary Fund (IMF) Governance and Quota Reform. We urge all members to take all necessary steps to achieve an agreement on the quota formula and complete the next general quota review by January 2014. The reform of the IMF should strengthen the voice and representation of the poorest members of the IMF, including Sub-Saharan Africa. All options should be explored, with an open mind, to achieve this. We support the reform and improvement of the international monetary system, with a broad-based international reserve currency system providing stability and certainty. We welcome the discussion about the role of the SDR in the existing international monetary system including the composition of SDR's basket ofcurrencies. We support the IMF to make its surveillance framework more integrated and even-handed. The leadership selection of IFIs should be through an open, transparent and merit-based process and truly open to candidates from the emerging market economies and developing countries.

13、我們呼籲改革國際金融機構,以使其更具代表性並反映金磚國家和其他發展中國家在世界經濟中日益增長的權重。我們對國際貨幣基金組織改革進展緩慢表示關切。我們認爲,迫切需要按照已有共識,落實國際貨幣基金組織2010年治理和份額改革方案。我們敦促所有成員採取一切必要手段,在2014年1月前完成下一輪份額總檢查並就新的份額公式達成協議。國際貨幣基金組織改革應增強包括撒哈拉以南非洲在內的最貧困成員的發言權和代表性。應以開放的態度尋求能夠達成這一目標的所有方式。我們支持改革和完善國際貨幣體系,建立穩定、可靠、基礎廣泛的國際儲備貨幣體系。我們歡迎就特別提款權在現有國際貨幣體系中作用進行討論,包括關於特別提款權一籃子貨幣組成問題。我們支持國際貨幣基金組織推動其監督框架更加全面和公正。國際金融機構負責人應通過公開、透明、擇優的程序遴選,並確保向來自新興市場經濟體和發展中國家的人選真正開放。

14. We emphasize the importance of ensuring steady, adequate and predictable access to long term finance for developing countries from a variety of sources. We would like to see concerted global effort towards infrastructure financing and investment through the instrumentality of adequately resourced Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and Regional Development Banks (RDBs). We urge all parties to work towards an ambitious International Development Association(IDA)17 replenishment.

14、我們強調確保發展中國家從各種渠道獲得穩定、充足和可預見的長期融資的重要性。我們希望看到全球共同努力,通過資金充足的多邊開發銀行和區域開發銀行向基礎設施建設提供融資和投資。我們敦促所有各方努力實現富有雄心的國際開發協會第17次增資。

15. We reaffirm our support for an open, transparent and rules-based multilateral trading system. We will continue in our efforts for the successful conclusion of the Doha Round, based on the progress made and in keeping with its mandate, while upholding the principles of transparency, inclusiveness and multilateralism. We are committed to ensure that new proposals and approaches to the Doha Round negotiations will reinforce the core principles and the developmental mandate of the Doha Round. We look forward to significant and meaningful deliverables that are balanced and address key development concerns of the poorest and most vulnerable WTO members, at the ninth Ministerial Conference of the WTO in Bali.

15、我們重申支持公開、透明、基於規則的多邊貿易體系。我們將在已有進展基礎上,根據多哈授權,堅持透明、包容和多邊主義的原則,繼續致力於成功完成多哈回合談判。我們承諾確保關於多哈回合談判的新建議和新方式能夠加強多哈回合的核心原則和發展授權。我們期待在巴厘島舉行的世界貿易組織第九屆部長級會議達成重要和有意義的成果,這一成果應是平衡的,並照顧最貧困、最脆弱成員在發展領域的主要關切。

16. We note that the process is underway for the selection of a new WTO Director-General in 2013. We concur that the WTO requires a new leader who demonstrates a commitment to multilateralism and to enhancing the effectiveness of the WTO including through a commitment to support efforts that will lead to an expeditious conclusion of the DDA. We consider that the next Director-General of the WTO should be a representative of a developing country.

16、我們注意到2013年世貿組織新任總幹事的選舉正在進行。我們贊同世貿組織需要一位承諾堅持多邊主義、通過支持儘快結束多哈回合談判等方式增強世貿組織可信度和合法性的新負責人。我們認爲下任總幹事應是來自發展中國家的代表。

17. We reaffirm the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development' s (UNCTAD) mandate as the focal point in the UN system dedicated to consider the interrelated issues of trade, investment, finance and technology from a development perspective. UNCTAD's mandate and work are unique and necessary to deal with the challenges of development and growth in the increasingly interdependent global economy. We also reaffirm the importance of strengthening UNCTAD's capacity to deliver on its programs of consensus building, policy dialogue, research, technical cooperation and capacity building, so that it is better equipped to deliver on its development mandate.

17、我們重申聯合國貿發會議是聯合國系統內從發展角度處理貿易、投資、金融和技術等彼此相關問題的核心機構。在相互依存日益加深的全球經濟中,貿發會議在應對發展和增長挑戰的任務和工作獨特而必要。我們亦重申提高貿發會議在凝聚共識、政策對話、研究、技術合作和能力建設等方面能力的重要性,從而使之能更好地完成其發展授權。

18. We acknowledge the important role that State Owned Companies (SOCs) play in the economy and encourage our SOCs to explore ways of cooperation, exchange of information and best practices.

18、我們認識到國有企業在經濟中發揮的重要作用,鼓勵我們的國有企業探尋開展合作、分享信息和最佳實踐的方式。

19. We recognize the fundamental role played by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the economies of our countries. SMEs are major creators of jobs and wealth. In this regard, we will explore opportunities for cooperating in the field of SMEs and recognize the need for promoting dialogue among the respective Ministries and Agencies in charge of the theme, particularly with a view to promoting their international exchange and cooperation and fostering innovation, research and development.

19、我們認同中小企業在各國經濟中的基礎性作用。中小企業是就業機會和財富的主要創造者。鑑此,我們將探討這一領域的合作機會,並認識到加強中小企業主管部門和機構之間對話,特別是爲促進中小企業國際化並加強其創新和研發能力的必要性。

20. We reiterate our strong commitment to the United Nations (UN) as the foremost multilateral forum entrusted with bringing about hope, peace, order and sustainable development to the world. The UN enjoys universal membership and is at the center of global governance and multilateralism. In this regard, we reaffirm the need for a comprehensive reform of the UN, including its Security Council, with a view to making it more representative, effective and efficient, so that it can be more responsive to global challenges. In this regard, China and Russia reiterate the importance they attach to the status of Brazil, India and South Africa in international affairs and support their aspiration to play a greater role in the UN.

20、我們重申強烈支持聯合國作爲最重要的多邊論壇,承載着爲世界帶來希望、和平、秩序和可持續發展的任務。聯合國成員國代表性廣泛,處於全球治理和多邊主義的中心位置。在此,我們重申,需要對聯合國包括安理會進行全面改革,使其更具代表性、效力和效率,以更有效應對全球挑戰。爲此,中國和俄羅斯重申重視巴西、印度、南非在國際事務中的地位,支持其希在聯合國發揮更大作用的願望。

21. We underscore our commitment to work together in the UN to continue our cooperation and strengthen multilateral approaches in international relations based on the rule of law and anchored in the Charter of the United Nations.

21、我們強調將致力於在聯合國共同努力,根據法治和《聯合國憲章》,繼續合作並加強國際關係中的多邊主義方式。

22. We are committed to building a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity and reaffirm that the 21st century should be marked by peace, security, development, and cooperation. It is the overarching objective and strong shared desire for peace, security, development and cooperation that brought together BRICS countries.

22、我們致力於建設一個持久和平和共同繁榮的和諧世界,並重申21世紀應該是和平、安全、發展和合作的世紀。金磚國家本着和平、安全、發展和合作的崇高目標和共同願望走到了一起。

23. We welcome the twentieth Anniversary of the World Conference on Human Rights and of the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action and agree to explore cooperation in the field of human rights.

23、我們歡迎紀念世界人權大會和維也納宣言及行動計劃二十週年,同意在人權領域探討合作。

24. We commend the efforts of the international community and acknowledge the central role of the African Union (AU) and its Peace and Security Council in conflict resolution in Africa. We call upon the UNSC to enhance cooperation with the African Union, and its Peace and Security Council, pursuant to UNSC resolutions in this regard. We express our deep concern with instability stretching from North Africa, in particular the Sahel, and the Gulf of Guinea. We also remain concerned about reports of deterioration in humanitarian conditions in some countries.

24、我們讚賞國際社會解決非洲衝突的努力,承認非盟及其和平和安全理事會在此方面發揮的中心作用。我們呼籲聯合國安理會根據有關決議加強同非盟及其和平和安全理事會的合作。我們深爲關注北非特別是薩赫勒地區以及幾內亞灣的不穩定局勢。我們也對一些國家人道主義狀況惡化的報道依然感到關切。

25. We welcome the appointment of the new Chairperson of the AU Commission as an affirmation of the leadership of women. (more)

25、我們歡迎非盟委員會任命新主席,這表明了女性的領導作用。

26. We express our deep concern with the deterioration of the security and humanitarian situation in Syria and condemn the increasing violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law as a result of continued violence. We believe that the Joint Communique of the Geneva Action Group provides a basis for resolution of the Syrian crisis and reaffirm our opposition to any further militarization of the conflict. A Syrian-led political process leading to a transition can be achieved only through broad national dialogue that meets the legitimate aspirations of all sections of Syrian society and respect for Syrian independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty as expressed by the Geneva Joint Communique and appropriate UNSC resolutions. We support the efforts of the UN-League of Arab States Joint Special Representative. In view of the deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Syria, we call upon all parties to allow and facilitate immediate, safe, full and unimpeded access to humanitarian organizations to all in need of assistance. We urge all parties to ensure the safety of humanitarian workers.

26、我們對敘利亞安全和人道主義形勢的惡化表示深度關切,譴責持續暴力衝突造成違反人權和國際人道主義法的行爲持續增加。我們相信日內瓦行動小組聯合公報爲解決敘利亞危機奠定了基礎,重申反對任何使衝突進一步軍事化的行爲。只有通過滿足敘利亞社會所有階層合理意願的廣泛國內對話,並按照日內瓦聯合公報及安理會相關決議尊重敘利亞獨立、主權、領土完整,由敘利亞人民主導的政治過渡才能實現。我們支持聯合國-阿盟聯合特別代表爲此做出的努力。鑑於敘利亞人道主義形勢的惡化,我們呼籲各方確保並協助需要援助的人能夠從人道主義組織獲得迅速、安全、充足和順暢的幫助。我們敦促各方確保人道主義工作者的人身安全。

27. We welcome the admission of Palestine as an Observer State to the United Nations. We are concerned at the lack of progress in the Middle East Peace Process and call on the international community to assist both Israel and Palestine to work towards a two-state solution with a contiguous and economically viable Palestinian state, existing side by side in peace with Israel, within internationally recognized borders, based on those existing on 4 June 1967, with East Jerusalem as its capital. We are deeply concerned about the construction of Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, which is a violation of international law and harmful to the peace process. In recalling the primary responsibility of the UNSC in maintaining international peace and security, we note the importance that the Quartet reports regularly to the Council about its efforts, which should contribute to concrete progress.

27、我們歡迎巴勒斯坦成爲聯合國觀察員國。我們對中東和平進程缺乏進展表示關切,呼籲國際社會推動以色列和巴勒斯坦爲實現“兩國方案”而做出努力,以1967年邊界爲基礎,劃定國際公認邊界,建立以東耶路撒冷爲首都、與以色列和平共處、經濟上可自立的巴勒斯坦國。我們對在巴勒斯坦被佔領土上興建以色列定居點表示深切關注。這既違反了國際法也將危害和平進程。憶及聯合國安理會在維護國際和平和安全方面承擔主要職責,我們注意到四方機制定期向安理會報告的重要性,這種做法應有助於促進取得實際進展。