歷史今天:1828年 托爾斯泰出生 (8.28)

【英文原文】

Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й​ (help·info), Russian pronunciation: [lʲɛv nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj]; September 9 [O.S. August 28] 1828 – November 20 [O.S. November 7] 1910), was a Russian writer widely regarded as aMong the greatest of novelists. His masterpieces War and Peace and Anna Karenina represent in their scope, breadth and vivid depiction of 19th-century Russian life and attitudes, the peak of realist fiction.

Tolstoy's further talents as essayist, dramatist, and educational reformer made him the most influential member of the aristocratic Tolstoy family. His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him in later life to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. His ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You, were to have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures as Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

【中文譯文】

列夫 尼古拉耶維奇 托爾斯泰（俄語：ЛевНиколаевичТолстой，俄語發音:[lʲɛv nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj]; 9月9日舊曆8月28日] 1828年- 11月20日[舊曆11月7日] 1910年），是俄羅斯最偉大的作家。他的作品《戰爭與和平》《安娜卡列尼娜》生動的描寫了19世紀的俄羅斯人生活和態度，是現實主義小說的巔峯。

托爾斯泰在散文，劇作和教育改革方面的天賦，使他成爲托爾斯泰貴族中最有影響力的成員。他對基督教義的詮釋，主要集中在登山寶訓中心，這是他之後成爲一個忠誠的基督教無政府主義者和和平主義者。他對非暴力抵抗的思想，在他的作品中有所表現，例如《天國在你心中》，對20世紀甘地和馬丁路德金有着深遠的影響。