歐盟提高針對中俄冷軋鋼反傾銷稅

The European Commission has imposed more anti-dumping duties on Chinese and Russian steel imports and has applied the penalties retroactively for the first time, in a fresh move to protect the bloc’s producers.

歐盟委員會(European Commission)針對中國和俄羅斯鋼材進口徵收更多反傾銷稅，並首次採取追溯性徵稅措施，這一最新舉措旨在保護歐盟生產商。

The duties on cold-rolled steel, which is used to make cars and washing machines, range up to 22.1 per cent for Chinese imports and up to 36.1 per cent for Russian imports. The rates are a little higher than provisional penalties in place since February.

歐盟針對中國冷軋鋼進口徵收的關稅最高升至22.1%，針對俄羅斯的進口關稅最高可達36.1%。這些稅率略高於自2月實施的臨時性關稅。冷軋鋼用來製造汽車和洗衣機。

The European steel industry has long called for tougher EU anti-dumping duties, which aim to protect the bloc’s companies from ultra-cheap imports. Using a different calculation method, the US imposed tariffs in excess of 500 per cent on similar cold-rolled steel materials from China earlier this year.

長期以來，歐洲鋼鐵行業一直呼籲提高歐盟反傾銷關稅，旨在保護歐盟企業不受超級廉價的進口產品的衝擊。今年早些時候，美國根據不同的計算方法，針對來自中國的類似的冷軋鋼材開徵超過500%的關稅。

The commission is planning further measures that would allow it to impose US-style tariffs against steel dumped at particularly low prices or subsidised.

歐盟委員會計劃採取進一步措施，以便針對以超低價格或補貼價格傾銷的鋼鐵產品徵收美國式的關稅。

“This shows the EU is starting to tackle the state-supported dumping of steel into the UK, but it’s still being outmuscled by Uncle Sam,” said Dominic King, head of policy at UK Steel, an industry group. Britain will need its own tariff regime once it leaves the EU to ensure that China and Russia do not “destroy” the UK steel industry, he added.

行業組織英國鋼鐵(UK Steel)政策主管多米尼克•金(Dominic King)表示：“這表明，歐盟正開始解決流入英國的得到政府支持的鋼鐵傾銷問題，但力度仍不及美國。”他補充稱，一旦英國退出歐盟，爲了確保中國和俄羅斯不會“毀滅”英國鋼鐵業，英國需要建立自己的關稅體制。

The duties follow a formal complaint in April 2015 from European steel groups, which argue surging imports from China are to blame for last year’s price collapse. Steel prices have been rising throughout most of this year.

2015年4月，歐洲鋼鐵集團曾提起正式申訴，他們辯稱，去年鋼鐵價格暴跌應歸咎於來自中國的進口飆升。今年以來大部分時間，鋼鐵價格一直在上漲。

Cut-price steel imports have become a particularly politically sensitive topic in Europe and the US as western leaders face a popular backlash against globalisation. In Britain, 11,000 jobs are in jeopardy as efforts continue to rescue lossmaking factories owned by Tata Steel, which has partly blamed China for its problems.

低價鋼鐵進口已成爲歐美一個在政治上尤爲敏感的話題，目前西方領導人正面臨民衆對全球化的反彈。在英國，1.1萬個就業崗位正面臨危險，有關方面正繼續努力挽救塔塔鋼鐵(Tata Steel)擁有的虧損鋼鐵廠，塔塔鋼鐵將其部分問題歸咎於中國。

Cold-rolled steel is used in the production of packaging and white goods, as well as in the construction and auto industries.

冷軋鋼用於包裝和白色家電的生產，以及建築業和汽車行業。

China’s commerce ministry said it regretted the commission’s decision, adding that the EU should “avoid abusing trade remedies and sending a wrong signal” to the world. “This move amplifies legal uncertainty and gravely affects normal international trade,” the ministry said.

中國商務部表示，對歐盟委員會的這個決定表示遺憾，並補充稱，歐盟應“避免濫用貿易救濟措施，避免向外界發出錯誤信號”。該部表示：“此舉增大了法律上的不確定性，嚴重影響了正常的國際貿易。”