研究：自私的人更容易當領導

It's not likely to win you any popularity contests, but it seems being selfish at work can be good for your career。

New research has found that those with more selfless, kind personalities were the most well-liked, but were simultaneously seen as less attractive candidates for leadership and were overlooked for promotion。

It found that aggression implied strength, while altruistic tendencies were perceived as a sign of weakness。

The study, from the Kellogg School of Management, Stanford Graduate School of Business and Carnegie Mellon University’s Tepper School of Business, aimed to discover the personality types we associate with leadership。

In a series of three experiments, participants were placed into groups. Researchers then analysed their behaviour as they managed tokens representing money; how some chose to keep them, and others contributed them to a group pool。

The results showed that those with the kinder personalities were the most popular in the groups, but they were also considered weak or gullible。

Those with more dominant and aggressive behaviour were seen as 'alpha' personalities。

Co-author Robert Livingston, of the Kellogg School, told : 'As humans we are wired to respond to dominance.'

He explained: 'Being selfish makes you seem more dominant and being dominant makes you seem more attractive as a leader, especially when there’s competition。

'On a subconscious level this is the conclusion people are coming to: Kindness equals weakness.'

Dr Livingston believes that this tendency to associate aggression with leadership' is an explanation on why we get corruption。

'People who are more likely to be moral, kind and pro-social are least likely to be elected to these leadership roles,' he said。

'That increases the likelihood of corruption and malfeasance because we’ve got the wrong people in positions of leadership.'自私自利也許不能讓你受到衆人的歡迎，但在職場中似乎自私一些對你的事業發展有好處。

新研究發現，那些比較無私、和善的人是最受大家喜歡的，但同時也被認爲是不太適合做領導的人，並在晉升時被忽略。

研究發現，侵略意味着有力量，而利他傾向則被理解爲軟弱。

凱洛格商學院、斯坦福商學院和卡內基美隆大學泰珀商學院聯合開展的這一研究旨在發現和領導力有關的人格類型。

在三個系列實驗中，參與者被分到幾個組。研究人員讓他們管理象徵金錢的代幣，然後分析他們的行爲。有些人選擇自己保管代幣，有些人將其拿出來作爲集體資金。

研究結果顯示，那些性格更和善的人在小組中是最受歡迎的，但是他們也被視爲軟弱或容易受騙。

那些支配欲強、行爲更具進攻性的人被認爲具有“阿爾法個性”。

該研究報告的合著者、凱洛格商學院的羅伯特•利文斯頓告訴今日網說：“作爲人類，我們天生傾向於服從支配。”

他解釋說：“自私讓你看起來更具主導性，作爲一名領導者這會讓你顯得更有魅力，特別是在存在競爭時。

“從潛意識層面上來看人們通常會得出這一結論：和善等於軟弱。”

利文斯頓博士認爲，人們傾向於將進攻性和領導力聯繫在一起，這可以解釋爲什麼會出現貪污腐敗。

他說：“那些品行更好、更和善、更多地爲他人着想的人最不可能被選爲領導。

“這使腐敗和瀆職的機率增加了，因爲我們選錯了領導人。”