囧研究：女領導讓男下屬感到威脅更大？

A new study strengthens the theory that men often feel threatened when they have female bosses — so much so that they respond aggressively

一項新的研究鞏固了這樣一個理論——當老闆爲女性時，男性通常會感到受到了威脅，這種感覺太過強烈以至於他們會做出極具進攻性的迴應。

Men pushed for bigger salaries when negotiating with a woman, and while they were happy to offer the lion's share of a bonus to a male boss, they were far less generous to a female supervisor.

當與女性協商工資的時候，男性會想要更高的工資；而當他們與男性老闆商談時則很樂意奉獻出自己紅利的最大分額——他們對於男性管理者要慷慨大方得多。

The findings add to an already large body of evidence supporting the idea that men, in general, don't like being bossed around by women, says Ekaterina Netchaeva, an assistant professor of management and technology at Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, who led the study.

意大利米蘭博科尼大學的一位管理與技術的教授助理葉卡捷琳娜·內特查耶娃發起了這項研究並稱，這項研究的發現爲支持這樣一種現象提供了大量的證據——通常情況下，男性不喜歡被女性頤氣指使地對待。

That's important to understand as women take on more and more management positions, Netchaeva and colleagues write in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

內特查耶娃和他的同事們在《人格與社會心理公報》上寫道，隨着女性佔領了越來越多的管理層的職位，理解也變得越發重要。

"Even men who support gender equality may see these advances as a threat to their masculinity, whether they consciously acknowledge it or not," Netchaeva said.

“即使是支持性別平等的男性也有可能會將這一趨勢看作對於他們男子氣概的一種威脅，無論他們有意識地承認與否。”內特查耶娃說。

"Precarious manhood theory postulates that manhood is 'elusive' and 'tenuous'. In other words, manhood is not something that is guaranteed to be achieved with age, nor is it guaranteed to remain. Instead, men must continuously prove their manhood."

“危險男子氣概理論假定男子氣概是‘難以捉摸’且‘脆弱不堪’的。換句話說，男子氣概並不會隨着年齡而被保證能夠獲得或者保留。相反，男性必須不斷地證明自己的男子氣概。”

The findings have big real-world implications, Netchaeva said. "The ideal woman is not perceived as having what it takes for a leadership role," her team wrote. "Indeed, research suggests that the mere indication that a female leader is successful in her position leads to increased ratings of her selfishness, deceitfulness, and coldness."

內特查耶娃說，這些研究具有重大的現實意義。“理想的女性並不被認爲能夠勝任領導角色，”他的團隊寫道。“事實上，研究僅僅表明了女性領導者在其崗位上的成功導致了對於她的自私、狡詐已經冷漠的評分的增加。”

"In an ideal world, men and organizations would be concerned by these findings and adjust their behavior accordingly. But if they don't, where does that leave women?" Netchaeva said. "Given the strong societal norms surrounding masculinity, it may be difficult for men to recognize or change their behavior."

“在一個理想的世界中，男性和組織機構會關注這些研究的發現並相應地調整他們的行爲舉止。但是如果他們不這樣做的話，女性應該如何應對呢？”內特查耶娃說道，“鑑於社會對於男子氣概的強烈規範，讓男人承認自己的行爲有所改變並不是一件易事。”