你可能不知道的史上十大真實事件

rd University is older than the Aztec Empire

10.牛津大學比阿茲特克帝國曆史更悠久

There is evidence for students having been taught at Oxford as far back as 1097AD. Although there is no known official date of foundation for the University, it grew rapidly from 1167 when King Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. The first known foreign student, from what is now Germany, was taught there in 1190AD. The Aztec Empire was an alliance of three city-states in the Valley of Mexico. It was created in 1428AD and quickly conquered most of Central Mexico. During this same period Oxford was already well established as one of the pre-eminent seats of learning in the world. The Aztec Empire ruled until it was subdued by Spanish conquistadores and their native allies in 1521.

有證據顯示遠從公元1097年開始就有人在牛津大學講學。雖然牛津大學並沒有官方建校日期，但是從1167年亨利二世禁止英國學生在巴黎大學就讀開始，這個學校就開始迅速發展。牛津的第一個留學生出現於1190年，來自於現在位於德國的某個地方。而阿茲克特帝國是毗鄰墨西哥谷地的三國聯邦。它建國於公元1428年，並在那之後迅速征服了墨西哥中部的大部分區域。與此同時，牛津大學已經成爲了世界上最傑出的學校之一。1521年，西班牙殖民者以及原本的同盟者入侵了阿茲特克帝國，它的執政也走到了終點。

n Elizabeth II is 1.5 months older than Marilyn Monroe

9.女王伊麗莎白二世比瑪麗蓮·夢露年長一個半月

Queen Elizabeth II was born on April 21, 1926, as the first daughter of Prince Albert, then the second in line to the throne of England. Queen Elizabeth is currently the world's oldest reigning monarch and has been queen since 1952. This was the same year Marilyn Monroe starred in Don't Bother to Knock, her first leading role. Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jean Mortenson on the first of June, 1926. In 1945 she signed up as a model, and quickly garnered fame as a movie actress. She passed away in 1962 at the age of 36. At that point, Queen Elizabeth had been ruling England for almost 10 years.

女王伊麗莎白二世出生於1926年4月21日，是阿爾伯特親王的第一個女兒，也是英國王位的第二順位繼承人。伊麗莎白女王是世界上年齡最大的執政君主，從1952年開始掌權。瑪麗蓮·夢露也是在1952年第一次主演了電影——《入室佳人》。瑪麗蓮·夢露，本名諾瑪·珍瑪·莫天森，出生於1926年6月1日。1945年她作爲一個模特出道，並迅速得到了出演電影的機會。1962年，她在36歲去世。而在那一年，伊麗莎白女王已經統治了英國將近10年。

Frank was born the same year as Martin Luther King Jr.

8.安妮·弗蘭克和馬丁·路德·金出生於同一年

Born in 1929, Anne Frank lived only 15 short years, with the last few spent hiding from the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. She and her mother and sister were betrayed, transported to concentration camps, and died. Anne Frank became internationally famous when her diary, which documented her experiences during the war, was published by her father in 1947. In the same year, Martin Luther King, Jr., at 18 years of age, decided to enter the ministry of the Baptist church, in order to answer an "inner urge to serve humanity." King was a prominent leader in the African American Civil Rights movement, perhaps best known for his oratory skills and his belief in non-violent civil disobedience. King was assassinated in 1968 at the age of 39.

安妮·弗蘭克出生於1929年，度過了短暫的15年人生，而生命中最後幾年則是在逃避納粹的暴虐統治中度過，直到她與她的母親、姐姐被揭發背叛，送到了納粹集中營，並在那裏永眠。1947年，安妮·弗蘭克的日記出版之後，一夜之間世界聞名，在日記中，她記載了躲避納粹期間的種種經歷。而同一年，馬丁·路德·金18歲，爲了尋找到"人性的本質追求"，決定加入浸信會。金是非裔美國人民權運動的傑出領袖，而他出名的原因大部分在於出色的演講技巧以及非暴力策略。而在1968年，金被刺殺，那時他39歲。

Stegosaurus lived 84 million years before the Tyrannosaurus

7.劍龍生活在霸王龍時代的840萬年前

The Stegosaurus and the Tyrannosaurus rex are some of the most recognizable dinosaurs for the general public and are often depicted together in popular media. However the Stegosaurus became extinct long before the Tyrannosaurus rex existed. The Stegosaurus was a herbivore that roamed what eventually became part of North America during the Late Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago. It had massive armored plates along its spine and a distinctive spiked tail. The Tyrannosaurus rex lived in roughly the same area of the world, but from 68 to 66 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period. A fearsome predator, a Tyrannosaurus rex could be around 40 feet long, and was probably one of the largest land carnivores of all time.

劍龍和霸王龍是最容易被識別的恐龍種類，並且常常同時出現於影視作品中。但事實上，劍龍在霸王龍出現很早以前就已經滅絕了。劍龍是一種草食性恐龍，生存於侏羅紀晚期，即1.5億年前，大多出現在北美洲。它的背上有一排巨大的骨質板，以及帶有尖刺的危險尾巴。霸王龍與劍龍基本生存於同一領域，但是時代不同——霸王龍是在白堊紀時代，即680萬到660萬年前。霸王龍是令人聞之喪膽的掠食者，身長最長可達40英尺，可能是陸地體積最大的恐龍之一。

nic sank the same year that the drug ecstasy was first synthesized

6.泰坦尼克號沉沒那一年，迷幻藥也被成功合成

The Titanic was a passenger liner that collided with an iceberg and sank on her maiden voyage in 1912. She was the largest ship afloat in the world at the time and over 1500 people died in the accident. Infamously, the Titanic carried only slightly more than half the number of lifeboats needed for everyone on board and many of those boats were not filled to capacity during the disaster. Ecstasy is the street name for the drug MDMA. While this chemical was first synthesized in 1912, it was simply documented as a by-product of another process. It was only investigated sporadically over the next few decades. It is thought that MDMA first began to be used as a recreational drug around 1970. Scientists began to study it more closely, hoping that it could find use as a psychotherapy aid. However, MDMA was made illegal in the United States in 1985, the same year that the wreck of the Titanic was re-discovered on the ocean floor.

泰坦尼克號是一艘遊輪，在1912年的處女航中因撞上了一座冰山而沉沒。她是當時最大的海上游輪，而在那次沉船事故中，超過1500人遇難。更臭名昭著的是，泰坦尼克號上的救生船隻達到必需量的一半多一點，而且很多船上的人數並沒有達到最大容載量。迷幻藥是搖頭丸的俗名。當這個化學藥品在1912年第一次被合成時，不過是另一種藥的副產品而已。而接下來幾十年也只是零星出現。大多數人認爲搖頭丸是在1970年左右開始變成了吸食的毒藥。科學家從那時開始深入研究這種藥，希望它可以作爲心理治療中的一種藥品。然而，從1985年開始，迷幻藥在美國被列入非法藥品。同一年，人們在海底發現了泰坦尼克號的殘骸。

lie Chaplin was 4 days older than Hitler

5.查理·卓別林比希特勒大4天

Adolf Hitler was born in Austria on the 20th of April, 1889. He was the leader of the Nazi Party, and eventually rose to power as the dictator of Nazi Germany. Hitler was directly responsible for World War II and the Holocaust, events which led to the suffering and deaths of tens of millions of people. Charlie Chaplin was born into poverty in 1889 and became an important and beloved actor and film-maker. While best known for his comical persona The Tramp, Chaplin was also passionately political. Galvanized in part by his superficial resemblance to the Nazi leader, in 1940 Chaplin released The Great Dictator, a parody film attacking Hitler and his rise to power.

阿道夫·希特勒在1889年4月20日出生於奧地利。他是納粹黨的領導者，並且最終掌握了德國納粹的大權。他直接導致了二戰和猶太人大屠殺的爆發，導致了成萬上億人民的痛苦和死亡。1889年，查理·卓別林出生於一個貧困家庭，後來成爲了一個及其重要，並且廣受愛戴的演員和電影製作者。他成功塑造了一個喜劇形象——《流浪者》，但同時他對政治也很感興趣。在1940年卓別林出演的電影《大獨裁者》中，他對納粹領導者進行了惟妙惟肖但又滑稽的模仿，諷刺並抨擊了希特勒以及他掌權的過程。

last known widow of a US Civil War veteran died the same year that President Obama was first elected (2008)

4.最後一位美國內戰老兵遺孀的去世和奧巴馬第一次選舉成功發生於同一年（2008）

The US Civil War was fought, in part, over the practice of slavery and its continued existence in the United States. The Confederacy officially surrendered in 1865 and slavery was legally abolished throughout the country. Maudie Hopkins was the last publicly known widow of a US Civil War veteran. She married William M. Cantrell in 1934 when she was 19 years old. Mr. Cantrell was 86 at the time. He had enlisted in the Confederate army at the age of 16 and served briefly until captured as a prisoner of war. 143 years after the end of the war, in August 2008, Maudie Hopkins passed away. Four months later, Barak Obama was elected as the first African American president of the United States.

美國內戰某種程度上是爲解放奴隸而戰，並且這場防抗將長久地存在於美國領土之上。南方聯邦投降於1865年，奴隸制也正式宣告廢除。莫迪·霍普金斯是最後一個人們知道的的美國內戰老兵的遺孀。1934年，她在19歲時嫁給了威廉姆·M·坎特雷爾。當時，坎特雷爾先生86歲。他在16歲時進入了南方聯邦的編制內，不久之後被抓爲俘虜。戰爭結束143年之後，即2008年8月，莫迪·霍普金斯去世了。而4個月之後，巴拉克·奧巴馬被選爲美國曆史上第一位非裔美國人總統。

stopher Columbus was a year older than Leonardo da Vinci

3.克里斯托弗·哥倫布比列奧納多·達·芬奇年長一歲

Born between 1450 and 1451, Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, often credited with discovering the Americas. Columbus intended to discover an ocean-based western route between Europe and Asia and instead reached an island in the Bahamas in 1492. His explorations led to the colonization and conquest of the American continent by Europeans. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 and is still widely regarded as one of the most talented painters that ever lived. He was also a polymath with interests and skills in multiple artistic and scientific fields. During 1492, da Vinci finished a massive clay model of a horse, with the intention of casting it as a 70 ton bronze sculpture. Like many of his ambitious projects, this sculpture was never completed.

克里斯托弗·哥倫布出生於1450到1451年間，是一個意大利探索家，因其發現了美洲大陸而常爲人所道。哥倫布本意是想發現歐洲和亞洲之間的航路以便貿易，結果卻在1492年到達了巴哈馬的一個島嶼。他的探索導致了歐洲對美洲大陸的殖民以及入侵。列奧納多·達·芬奇出生於1452年，直到現在一直都被認爲是最具有天賦的畫家之一。他還是一個極爲博學的人，在許多藝術、科學領域都有所建樹。在1492年間，達·芬奇完成了一個巨大的馬粘土雕塑，並且想把它鑄成70噸重的銅雕像。但和他很多野心勃勃的項目一樣，這個雕塑最終並沒有完成。

ham Lincoln and Charles Darwin were born on the same date (February 12,1809)

2.亞伯拉罕·林肯和查爾斯·達爾文出生於同一年（1809年2月12日）

President Lincoln and Charles Darwin were born on the same day and were both late bloomers in their chosen careers, each achieving distinction after they turned 50. Abraham Lincoln became the 16th President of the United States and held office during the US Civil War, until his assassination in 1865. President Lincoln was elected in 1860 when he was 51 years old. The year before this, in 1859, Charles Darwin published his seminal work, titled On the Origin of Species. This book contained his theory of evolution, which Darwin had been developing for decades, during his travels around the world.

林肯總統和查爾斯·達爾文出生於同一天，並且在各自的領域中大器晚成，在50歲的時候取得了自己想要的成就。亞伯拉罕·林肯成爲了美國曆史上第16任總統，並且執政期間經了美國內戰，直到1865年被刺殺死亡。林肯總統在1860年選舉成功，那時他51歲。在此之前一年，查爾斯·達爾文發表了他最重要的一部著作–《物種起源》。這本書包含了他花了數十年時間、遊歷全世界之後得到的進化理論。

ly mammoth still roamed the Earth when the Great Pyramid of Giza was constructed

1.當吉薩大金字塔建成時，長毛象還存活於地球上

The woolly mammoth evolved from earlier mammoth species around 400,000 years ago. They co-existed with anatomically modern humans for roughly 200,000 years before becoming extinct, probably from a combination of climate change and human predation. Isolated populations of the woolly mammoth survived until around 2000 BC. Many examples of art depicting human interactions with woolly mammoths still survive. The Great Pyramid of Giza was completed around 2560BC, well over 500 years before mammoths are thought to have become completely extinct. The Pyramid was named one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and is the only Wonder still existing today.

從早期的猛獁象進化而來的長毛象生存於約40萬年前。他們和解剖學意義上的現代人類共存了約20萬年，直到因爲氣候變化和人類捕獵行爲而滅絕。各自成羣的長毛象直到公元前2000年仍然生存於這世上，有許多遠古藝術作品描繪了人類和存活的長毛象之間的接觸。吉薩大金字塔約在公元前2560年建成，遠遠早於人們所知的長毛象滅絕時間。吉薩大金字塔是古代七大奇蹟之一，也是其中唯一一個保存至今的奇蹟。

翻譯：張秋月 來源：前十網