中國崛起爲何令美國擔憂?大綱

As American and Chinese officials meet this week in Washington to defuse trade tensions, both sides are trying to find common ground. It won’t be easy.
爲緩解貿易緊張局勢，中美官員上週在華盛頓會晤，雙方試圖找到共同基礎，但這並不容易。

The Trump administration has pressed hard for China to make major changes to its trade practices and limit the state’s role in the economy — an agenda that comes in conflict with Beijing’s desire to protect its industries and build new ones.
特朗普政府強硬要求中國貿易行爲做出重大改變，並限制國家在經濟中的作用——這與中國保護自己的產業以及建設新產業的願望相沖突。

It all traces back to the style and speed of China’s growth. Over the past 40 years, Western countries have struggled to find the right recipe of incentives and agreements to get China to play fair.
這一切都可以追溯到中國發展的風格和速度。過去40年中，西方國家一直在努力尋找適當的激勵措施和協議來讓中國公平競爭。

Trading partners often complain that China flouts the rules to get ahead. And none have voiced those concerns more virulently than President Trump, who has said it was a mistake to let China into the World Trade Organization in the first place.
貿易伙伴經常抱怨中國藐視規則以獲得成功。其中，特朗普以最強烈的方式表達了憂慮，他聲稱，當初讓中國加入世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization)就是錯的。

The president stoked fears of a trade war earlier this year, when he announced tariffs first on washing machines and solar panels, and then steel and aluminum. And the Trump administration hit China again in April, blocking exports of microchips and software to the Chinese telecommunications company ZTE, before seeming to rethink the aggressive move in a tweet saying that he and the Chinese leader are “working together.”
今年早些時候，總統先是宣佈了對洗衣機和太陽能電池板徵收關稅，然後是鋼鋁關稅，從而引發了人們對貿易戰的恐懼。特朗普政府於4月份再次對中國發起攻擊，阻止美國對中國電信企業中興通訊出口微芯片和軟件，之後他似乎重新考慮了這一強硬舉動，在一條推文中聲稱他和中國領導人正在“共同努力”。

So how did a poor, developing country that still has a gross domestic product per capita of less than $10,000 come to rival, and even challenge, the existing economic order?
那麼，一個人均國內生產總值依然不到一萬美元的貧窮髮展中國家，是如何與現有經濟秩序相抗衡，甚至挑戰該秩序的呢？